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| 1Fast400 Phosphatidyl serine 50% 50g |
"SerinAid 50P - A powdered, PS enriched soybean derived phospholipid compound with a concentration of 50% PS. All of us are concerned about the possibility of losing cognitive abilities as we age. This is a very serious concern, as scientific research has shown that as we age, we begin to experience a loss in our mental performance memory, learning, and concentration which can markedly impact on our quality of life and even on our productivity Quite simply, this loss of cognitive ability is a part of the normal aging process, and it can be accelerated by certain negative lifestyle practices. The good news is that scientific research and clinical investigations have shown that PS, a naturally occurring phospholipid, plays a critical role in maintaining optimal mental performance. Our generation now has the potential to live easily into the tenth decade of age, due to significant advances in nutrition science that support the use of several key nutrients. PS is one of those key nutrients. It is more important than ever to care for your most important physical asset your mind"
Price: 49.99
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| 1Fast400 Phosphatidyl serine 50% 100g |
"SerinAid 50P - A powdered, PS enriched soybean derived phospholipid compound with a concentration of 50% PS. All of us are concerned about the possibility of losing cognitive abilities as we age. This is a very serious concern, as scientific research has shown that as we age, we begin to experience a loss in our mental performance memory, learning, and concentration which can markedly impact on our quality of life and even on our productivity Quite simply, this loss of cognitive ability is a part of the normal aging process, and it can be accelerated by certain negative lifestyle practices. The good news is that scientific research and clinical investigations have shown that PS, a naturally occurring phospholipid, plays a critical role in maintaining optimal mental performance. Our generation now has the potential to live easily into the tenth decade of age, due to significant advances in nutrition science that support the use of several key nutrients. PS is one of those key nutrients. It is more important than ever to care for your most important physical asset your mind"
Price: 89.99
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| 1Fast400 Pro Liver 90 Capsules |
"Pro Liver is a combination of two scientifically proven liver protectants, N-Acetyl-Cysteine NAC and milk thistle. This supplement is aimed at promoting a healthy liver by providing powerful antioxidants to combat the negative effects of free radicals and toxins. This combination of ingredients offers a wide range of protection for those on hepatotoxic anabolic cycles or for those who are just generally worried about their liver's health. If you may be exposed to extreme conditions, due to supplementation or otherwise, give your liver the best protection possible. NAC is a precursor to glutathione, which is the body's most important naturally occuring antioxidant and vitally important to liver function. Liver toxins and other conditions that are harmful to the liver tend to compromise glutathione status. Research in humans has found a benefit from NAC in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and it is routinely used to protect the liver in cases of acetaminophen overdose and other cases of acute hepatic failure. In animal studies, NAC has been found to protect against a plethora of liver toxins. Milk thisle is another well established liver nutrient. It has been widely used for centuries, and it is a potent antioxidant that concentrates in the liver. In addition to being an antioxidant, it may directly prevent toxins from binding to liver cells. Placebo-controlled trials have found milk thistle or its active ingredient to significantly improve the condition of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and it has also been used to treat many other liver diseases. Like NAC, milk thistle has been found to protect experimental animals from a wide variety of substances that are toxic to the liver. In addition to protecting the liver, both of these substances have many other health benefits. Milk thistle is anticarcinogenic, improves cardiovascular health, and reduces the toxic effects of heavy metal buildup. Because of the importance of glutathione, the benefits of NAC are far and wide, and it protects virtually every organ in the body from oxidative stress. Among the benefits measured in clinical trials are weight loss in obese patients, improved exercise tolerance in some individuals, protection of the kidney against toxic agents, and improved lung function. Both of these substances are very safe and associated with very few side effects. Supplement Facts: Serving Size: 3 Capsules Servings per Container: 30 Amount Per Serving N-Acetyl-Cysteine 1000 mg Milk Thistle 600 mg 80% standardized provides 480 mg Silymarin Daily Value not Established Other Ingredients: Maltodextrin, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide, Gelatin Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, take 3 capsules 1 to 3 times a day."
Price: 14.99
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| 1Fast400 Pyroglutamic Acid Powder 200 grams |
"Pyroglutamate is an amino acid present in large amounts in the human brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood. Pyroglutamate is known to have a number of remarkable cognitive-enhancing effects. Pyroglutamate has shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and stimulate memory, focus and cognitive functions. Pyroglutamate has also been shown to be effective in alcohol-induced memory deficits in humans and, more recently, in people affected with multi-infarct dementia. Pyroglutamate administration brought about a significant increase in short and long term memory and an improvement on psychological tests. A statistically significant improvement was observed also in the consolidation of memory. In human subjects, pyroglutamate was compared with placebo in a randomized double-blind trial for assessing its efficacy in treating memory deficits in 40 aged subjects. Twenty subjects were treated with pyroglutamate and 20 with placebo over a period of 60 days. Memory functions were evaluated at baseline and after 60 days of treatment by means of a battery made up of six memory tasks. The results show that pyroglutamate is effective in improving verbal memory functions in subjects affected by age-related memory decline. Pyroglutamate, in addition to having cognitive enhancing effects, is an excellent growth hormone releaser because it is carried more efficiently across the blood-brain barrier. Heat Sealed Container."
Price: 12.99
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| 1Fast400 Pyroglutamic Acid Powder 500 grams |
"Pyroglutamate is an amino acid present in large amounts in the human brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood. Pyroglutamate is known to have a number of remarkable cognitive-enhancing effects. Pyroglutamate has shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and stimulate memory, focus and cognitive functions. Pyroglutamate has also been shown to be effective in alcohol-induced memory deficits in humans and, more recently, in people affected with multi-infarct dementia. Pyroglutamate administration brought about a significant increase in short and long term memory and an improvement on psychological tests. A statistically significant improvement was observed also in the consolidation of memory. In human subjects, pyroglutamate was compared with placebo in a randomized double-blind trial for assessing its efficacy in treating memory deficits in 40 aged subjects. Twenty subjects were treated with pyroglutamate and 20 with placebo over a period of 60 days. Memory functions were evaluated at baseline and after 60 days of treatment by means of a battery made up of six memory tasks. The results show that pyroglutamate is effective in improving verbal memory functions in subjects affected by age-related memory decline. Pyroglutamate, in addition to having cognitive enhancing effects, is an excellent growth hormone releaser because it is carried more efficiently across the blood-brain barrier. Heat Sealed Container."
Price: 24.99
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| 1Fast400 R-ALA 100 Capsules100 mg |
"What is R-ALA R-lipoic acid is the biologically active form of alpha lipoic acid. It has been called the mitochondrial antioxidant because it is a key component of mitochondrial dehydrogenase complexes. R-lipoic acid is directly involved in cell metabolism and redox states. R-lipoic acid crosses the blood brain barrier, and helps regulate neuronal calcium homeostasis, scavenges a variety of reactive oxygen species ROS while recycling vitamins C, E and glutathione. R-lipoic acid has been shown to regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, and alter the expression of toxic genes. R-lipoic acid has been used to treat diabetes and has been recommended as a neuroprotective agent Why do I need it If it is naturally occurring within our bodies, then why do we need to take lipoic acid as a supplement There are at least four good reasons. First, as we age, our bodies lose the ability to synthesize enough Lipoic acid, right at the time when we most need it. Secondly, you cannot get sufficient quantities from your foods. Third, the body produces small amounts of R-Lipoic acid for metabolism that may not be of sufficient quantity to neutralize rising free radical concentrations. Fourth, a minimum amount is necessary for normal metabolic processes. Taking larger amounts, can have pronounced therapeutic effects. How is R-ALA different from ALA I have to get a little technical here in order to make the terminology meaningful. In chemistry, a compound that has four different groups attached to carbon has a plane of asymmetry. That carbon is designated chiral, meaning it has handedness. That means that the molecule can exist in two different forms that are non super-imposable mirror images of one another. Put your right palm on the back of your left hand. What do you see Both hands have five fingers, with the same arrangement relative to the thumb and yet the thumbs point in different directions, so the hands are said to be mirror images of one another. Chiral molecules, like hands have this property. One of these isomeric molecules called stereoisomers or enantiomers rotates the plane of light in a machine called a polarimeter to the right and is designated dextro or . The other isomer rotates the plane of light to the left and is called levo or -. There is another consideration when dealing with chiral molecules that places the four different substituents in order of priority. The priority is determined by convention and establishes what is called the Absolute Configuration of the molecule. By starting with the highest priority substituent and moving in a clockwise direction to the second highest, and on to the third and fourth designates the molecule R. If you move in the opposite direction, the absolute configuration is S. Molecules in living systems generally exist in only one form. When the same molecule is synthesized, it consists of equal amounts of both forms. Commercially available alpha Lipoic acid is a synthetic product consisting of two forms, the R and S- isomers in equal amounts. As we said, naturally occurring Lipoic acid, the type your body makes and requires contains one form, the R-dextro or form. This gives R-lipoic acid significantly more potency and efficacy. This is because the body recognizes R-lipoic acid and knows how to properly metabolize it, since all the key enzymes are structured to hold only the R-form of lipoic acid. Does that mean ALA is no good Remember, alpha lipoic acid is contains 50% of the natural R-form and 50% of the unnatural S-form. Most of the therapeutic value lies in the R-form. That is the reason why people get results when they take an alpha Lipoic acid supplement. So if I take half the amount of R-ala compared to ALA, I'll get the same results Its not quite that simple, although until recently researchers thought this was the case. There is new evidence surfacing that the unnatural S-form may actually interfere with the beneficial properties of the R-form. In one study with mice, alpha Lipoic acid at high doses shortened the mean lifespan, but even at low doses, the R- form increased total life-span. So it is best to avoid the S-form altogether in order to achieve maximum benefits. Do you have a list of studies I can reference for R-ALA 1. Nichols, T.W. Alpha lipoic Acid: Biological Effects and Clinical Implications, 2. Moini, H., Tirosh, O., R-Alpha Lipoic Acid Action on Cell Redox Status, the Insulin Receptor, and Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Archives of Biochem BioPhys 397, No2 384-391 2002 3. Liu, J. Killilea, D.W. et.al., Age-associated mitochondrial oxidative decay: Improvement of carnitine acetyltransferase substrate binding affinity and activity in brain by feeding old rats acetyl-L-carnitine andor R-alpha-lipoic acid. Proc Nat Acad Sci 99, 1876-1881 2002 4. Liu, J., Atamna, H., et.al. Delaying Brain Mitochondrial Decay and Aging with Mitochondrial Antioxidants and metabolites. Ann NY Acad Sci 959:133-166 2002 5. Liu, J., Head, E., et.al., Memory Loss in old rats is associated with brain mitochondrial decay and RNADNA oxidation: Partial reversal by feeding acetyl-l-carnitine andor R-alpha lipoic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 2356-2361 2002 6. Hagen, T.M., Liu, J., et. al. Feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid to old rats significantly improves metabolic function while decreasing oxidative stress, Proc Nat Acad Sci USA vol99, issue 4, 1870-1875 2002 7. Hager, K., Marahrens, A.,et.al. Alpha lipoic acid as a new treatment option for Alzheimer type dementia, Arch Geron Geriatr 32 3: 275-282 2001 8. Hagen, T.M., Shigeno,E.T. et.al. Oxidative Stress in the Aging Rat Heart is Reversed by Dietary Supplementation with R-Lipoic Acid. FASEB J. 15, 700-706. 2001 9. Hagen, T.M. Increased mitochondrial decay and oxidative stress in the aging rat heart: improvement by dietary supplementation with R-lipoic acid. In, Free Radicals in Chemistry, Biology and Medicine 27, 262-271. 2000 10. Hagen, T.M., Vinarsky, V., et.al. R-alpha-lipoic acid reverses the age-associated increase in susceptibility of hepatocytes to tert-butylhydroperoxide both in vitro and in vivo. Antiox. Redox Signaling 2, 473-483. 2000 11. Hagen, T.M., Ingersoll, R.T. et.al. R-alpha-lipoic acid-supplemented old rats have improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative damage, and increased metabolic rate. FASEB J. 13, 411-418. 1999 12. Lykkesfeldt, J. Hagen, T.M., Age-associated decline in ascorbic acid concentration, recycling and biosynthesis in rat hepatocytes-reversal with R-alpha-lipoic acid supplementation. FASEB J. 12, 1183-1189. 1998 13. Packer, L Tritschler, H.J. Neuroprotection by the Metabolic Antioxidant Alpha Lipoic Acid Free Rad Biol Med 22, Nos 1 2, 359-378 1997 14. Hermann, R. Niebch, G. Enantioselective pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of different racemic alpha lipoic acid formulations in healthy volunteers. Eur J Pharm Sci 4: 167-174 1996"
Price: 15.00
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| 1Fast400 Rhodiola Rosea 100 grams |
"Rhodiola Rosea, 3-4% rosavin. In stock Wednesday 9-28-05 This species has been studied intensively in Russia and Scandinavia for over 35 years, and literature from these areas indicate that it has antidepressant, anticancer, cardioprotective, and central nervous system enhancing properties, while suggesting benefits in diverse conditions such as schizophrenia, seasonal affective disorder, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and others 1. more... Packing Information: These powders are reduced down from kilo sizes. Each powder is put into a HDPE container, Heat Sealed, and labeled with dosing based off 14 tsp. Some items may be hygroscopic and may clump during shipment. This does not effect the efficacy of the product, but just the texture."
Price: 14.99
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| 1Fast400 Rhodiola Rosea 500 grams |
"Rhodiola Rosea, 3-4% rosavin. In stock Wednesday 9-28-05 This species has been studied intensively in Russia and Scandinavia for over 35 years, and literature from these areas indicate that it has antidepressant, anticancer, cardioprotective, and central nervous system enhancing properties, while suggesting benefits in diverse conditions such as schizophrenia, seasonal affective disorder, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and others 1. more... Packing Information: These powders are reduced down from kilo sizes. Each powder is put into a HDPE container, Heat Sealed, and labeled with dosing based off 14 tsp. Some items may be hygroscopic and may clump during shipment. This does not effect the efficacy of the product, but just the texture."
Price: 69.99
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| 1Fast400 Rhodiola Rosea 250 grams |
"Rhodiola Rosea, 3-4% rosavin. In stock Wednesday 9-28-05 .This species has been studied intensively in Russia and Scandinavia for over 35 years, and literature from these areas indicate that it has antidepressant, anticancer, cardioprotective, and central nervous system enhancing properties, while suggesting benefits in diverse conditions such as schizophrenia, seasonal affective disorder, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and others 1. more... Packing Information: These powders are reduced down from kilo sizes. Each powder is put into a 4oz HDPE container, Heat Sealed, and labeled with dosing based off 14 tsp. Some items may be hygroscopic and may clump during shipment. This does not effect the efficacy of the product, but just the texture."
Price: 39.99
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| 1Fast400 SerinAid 25g |
"SerinAid 50P - A powdered, PS enriched soybean derived phospholipid compound with a concentration of 50% PS. All of us are concerned about the possibility of losing cognitive abilities as we age. This is a very serious concern, as scientific research has shown that as we age, we begin to experience a loss in our mental performance memory, learning, and concentration which can markedly impact on our quality of life and even on our productivity Quite simply, this loss of cognitive ability is a part of the normal aging process, and it can be accelerated by certain negative lifestyle practices. The good news is that scientific research and clinical investigations have shown that PS, a naturally occurring phospholipid, plays a critical role in maintaining optimal mental performance. Our generation now has the potential to live easily into the tenth decade of age, due to significant advances in nutrition science that support the use of several key nutrients. PS is one of those key nutrients. It is more important than ever to care for your most important physical asset your mind"
Price: 27.99
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| 1Fast400 SerinAid 50g |
"SerinAid 50P - A powdered, PS enriched soybean derived phospholipid compound with a concentration of 50% PS. All of us are concerned about the possibility of losing cognitive abilities as we age. This is a very serious concern, as scientific research has shown that as we age, we begin to experience a loss in our mental performance memory, learning, and concentration which can markedly impact on our quality of life and even on our productivity Quite simply, this loss of cognitive ability is a part of the normal aging process, and it can be accelerated by certain negative lifestyle practices. The good news is that scientific research and clinical investigations have shown that PS, a naturally occurring phospholipid, plays a critical role in maintaining optimal mental performance. Our generation now has the potential to live easily into the tenth decade of age, due to significant advances in nutrition science that support the use of several key nutrients. PS is one of those key nutrients. It is more important than ever to care for your most important physical asset your mind"
Price: 49.99
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| 1Fast400 SerinAid 100g |
"SerinAid 50P - A powdered, PS enriched soybean derived phospholipid compound with a concentration of 50% PS. All of us are concerned about the possibility of losing cognitive abilities as we age. This is a very serious concern, as scientific research has shown that as we age, we begin to experience a loss in our mental performance memory, learning, and concentration which can markedly impact on our quality of life and even on our productivity Quite simply, this loss of cognitive ability is a part of the normal aging process, and it can be accelerated by certain negative lifestyle practices. The good news is that scientific research and clinical investigations have shown that PS, a naturally occurring phospholipid, plays a critical role in maintaining optimal mental performance. Our generation now has the potential to live easily into the tenth decade of age, due to significant advances in nutrition science that support the use of several key nutrients. PS is one of those key nutrients. It is more important than ever to care for your most important physical asset your mind"
Price: 89.99
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| 1Fast400 Stevia Extract Powder 50 grams |
"Containing 90% Glucosylsteviosides, Stevia is an all-natural sweetener that can be used wherever sugar or other artificial sweeteners would normally be used. Standard serving is around 30mg, or 132 of a teaspoon. Heat Sealed Container."
Price: 11.00
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| 1Fast400 Stevia Extract Powder 250 grams |
"Containing 90% Glucosylsteviosides, Stevia is an all-natural sweetener that can be used wherever sugar or other artificial sweeteners would normally be used. Standard serving is around 30mg, or 132 of a teaspoon. Heat Sealed Container."
Price: 34.99
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| 1Fast400 Sucralose 20 grams |
"We all love Splenda, but each packet contains fillers such as maltodextrin and dextrose meaning it contains calories BulkNutrition.com now offers Bulk Sucralose, pure and WITHOUT any fillersNote: This product may have a rocky texture but it does not effect the powders efficiency"
Price: 29.99
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| 1Fast400 Taurine Powder 150 grams |
"Cardiac Health Brain Function Energy Memory Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid that is the most abundant free amino acid in many tissues. Taurine is different than most other amino acids because it is not incorporated into proteins, but it does play many roles in the body, including bile acid conjugation, detoxification, membrane stabilization, osmoregulation, and modulation of excitatory neurotransmission and intracellular calcium levels. The mean taurine intake in humans is estimated to be around 60 mg daily, but supplementation can far exceed this amount and readily increases taurine levels in many tissues. This article will briefly cover some of the many possible utilities of taurine supplementation. Exercise Exercise causes a significant reduction of taurine levels in skeletal muscle, as does aging 1-3. In these conditions, supplemental taurine improves exercise performance and electrical and contractile properties of skeletal muscle in rodents, respectively 1, 3. In healthy rats, taurine increased running time to exhaustion from 73.8 minutes to 98.8 minutes. Additionally, the weights of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were increased, but the difference was not statistically significant 1. A beverage containing taurine, caffeine, and simple carbs increases endurance performance in humans, and a significant portion of these effects is due to the taurine alone 1, 4. However, it has not been established if it was due to a synergistic relationship, as taurine-only studies have not yet been conducted in humans. Taurine also counteracts exercise-induced weakness in a mouse model of dystrophy, and is superior to creatine in this regard 5, and it protects muscle tissue from ischemia-reperfusion injury 6. Among the postulated mechanisms of action are membrane stabilization and modulation of ion channels or calcium ion storage capacity 1, 3-4, although there could be a wide variety of reasons for this effect such as osmoregulation. Cardiac health The concentrations of taurine in the heart are very high, and it constitutes over 50% of the total free amino acid pool 7. Among the multiple roles it plays are protecting from excessive or inadequate intracellular calcium, acting as a membrane stabilizer, and protecting from injury and oxidative stress 7-8. Although the taurine content in the heart is tightly regulated and not as subject to deprivation as many other tissues, chronic taurine depletion can result in severe cardiomyopathy 8. Certain conditions, such as congestive heart failure, can cause a disruption of taurine homeostasis. In a trial with 14 patients with congestive heart failure, 6 grams per day of taurine lowered the heart-failure score from 5.8 to 3.7 where no benefit was seen in the placebo group, and in an animal model of congestive heart failure, 100 mgkg of taurine reduced mortality from 52% to 11% 7. Both in vivo and in vitro, taurine protects the heart from ischemic damage by acting as an antioxidant and membrane stabilizer 8, 9. Taurine also reduces arrhythmias induced by chemicals or ischemia 7, 9. Finally, taurine administration improved heart function in rats submitted to a high stress load forced swimming 10. Hypertension Commonly used animal models for hypertension include the spontaneously hypertensive rat, the DOCA-salt rat, the salt sensitive Dahl-S rat, and the renovascular hypertensive rat, and taurine alleviates hypertension in all of these models. Taurine also prevents hypertension in rats fed a high fructose diet and rats treated with alcohol. In humans with hypertension, 6 grams of taurine daily resulted in significant reductions in blood pressure, and this was independently verified in two other studies, one of them with only 3 g of taurine. Taurine does not cause a reduction in blood pressure in normotensive humans, indicating that the mechanism of action is specific to the pathology. Both effects in the CNS and modulation of hormone levels are involved 11. Atherosclerosis Taurine has a beneficial effect on a number of markers of atherosclerosis, and reduces the development of atherosclerosis in animals. Animal models in which taurine has improved cholesterol levels by reducing LDL or total cholesterol or increasing HDL cholesterol include spontaneously hyperlipidaemic mice, rats and rabbits fed high cholesterol diets, genetic type 2 diabetic GK rats, and normal rats 12-15. In a single-blind placebo-controlled study with healthy individuals fed a diet designed to raise cholesterol levels, 6 g daily of taurine reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels 7. The reduction of cholesterol levels is due to increased bile acid conjugation and antioxidant effects 7, 12-14. Additionally, taurine prevents stress on the endoplasmic reticulum induced by homocysteine 16 and improves endothelial function in young cigarette smokers, having a greater effect than vitamin C 17-18. Neuroprotection The brain is another area where taurine is particularly important. Taurine plays an essential role in both brain development and regeneration and promotes the survival and proliferation of neurons 19. Additionally, supplemental taurine exerts a definite pharmacological effect in the brain 20. Taurine is a potent neuroprotectant, protecting against glutamate excitotoxicity, cerebral ischemia, oxidative stress, and the buildup of toxins including carbon tetrachloride and ammonia 21-25. Among other things, this neuroprotection is due to regulation of calcium homeostasis and apoptosis, direct scavenging of toxins, and a reduction of oxidative stress 23-26. Taurine also holds promise as an anticonvulsant and in the prevention of epilepsy 7, 27-28. Memory Taurine plays an important role in long-term potentiation. Taurine improves memory in mice treated with a variety of amnestic agents, such as pentobarbital, cycloheximide, sodium nitrite, and alcohol. However, it does not improve memory in healthy, untreated mice 29. Taurine also imrpoves memory in rats exposed to ozone 30. Taurine increases brain levels of acetylcholine in animals, and decreased levels of taurine have been found in Alzheimer's patients 7. It is yet to be seen whether taurine improves memory in humans, but it is likely to have an effect at least in individuals with impaired memory. Diabetes insulin sensitivity When administered to mice receiving a glucose infusion for six hours, taurine inhibited the development of insulin resistance, which occured primarily in skeletal muscle 31. Taurine also inhibited hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats 32. For this and other reasons, taurine holds promise in the treatment of diabetes. In diabetic subjects, the amount of arachidonic acid required to induce platelet aggregation is lower, and taurine reduces this effect 7. Furthermore, taurine improves kidney function in animal models of diabetes 59-60. In addition to antioxidant mechanisms, taurine may also exert these benefits by increasing the excretion of nitrite and the formation of kinins 32. Cystic fibrosis Taurine can aid in the treatment of cystic fibrosis in two ways. The first is by inhibiting nutrient malabsorption a double-blind study found that 30 mgkg daily helped alleviate steatorrhea in children with cystic fibrosis 7. Taurine supplementation also helps maintain taurine levels in the lung, and along with niacin taurine reduced lung injury and fibrosis in a mouse model 33. Taurine also protects the lungs from oxidative stress due to ozone exposure 34. Eye health The retina is another area where taurine is found in particularly high concentrations, although its role there is not well established. Visual dysfunction in both humans and animals has been linked with taurine deficiency that can be reversed with supplementation 35. Along with diltiazem and vitamin E, taurine helped reduce the progressive visual field reduction caused by retinitis pigmentosa, but as monotherapy results have not been clinically significant 7, 36. Taurine also inhibits oxidative stress in cataractous lenses 37 and protects from retinal abnormalities due to diabetes in rat models, proving more effective on various levels than vitamin E and selenium 38-39. Heavy metals toxins Taurine protects many of the body's organs against toxicity and oxidative stress due to various substances. Taurine neutralizes the toxin hypochlorous acid, thus protecting from DNA damage 7. In the liver, taurine inhibits the toxic effects of high fructose feeding, alcohol, acetaminophen, and thioacetamide in rats taurine also improves some markers in patients with hepatitis 7 40-43. In the kidneys, taurine protects against cisplatin toxicity and prevents renal damage from salt feeding in salt-sensitive rats 44-45. Taurine also protects against ulcers caused by monochloramine, a toxin associated with H. pylori infection 46. Accumulation of heavy metals can have a variety of toxic effects, and taurine reduces the damage caused by excess levels cadmium, copper, and lead in rats 47-49. Taurine also reduces the toxic effect of oxidized fish oil in rats 50. Skin health In vitro, taurine improves recovery from burn injured skin, and a topical taurine gel accelerates wound healing in mice 51-52. As an osmolyte, taurine helps maintain hydration in the epidermis when it is exposed to a dry environment 53, but the effect of oral taurine supplementation on skin hydration and healing has not been determined. General health life extension Aging is associat"
Price: 5.99
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| 1Fast400 Taurine Powder 500 grams |
"Cardiac Health Brain Function Energy Memory Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid that is the most abundant free amino acid in many tissues. Taurine is different than most other amino acids because it is not incorporated into proteins, but it does play many roles in the body, including bile acid conjugation, detoxification, membrane stabilization, osmoregulation, and modulation of excitatory neurotransmission and intracellular calcium levels. The mean taurine intake in humans is estimated to be around 60 mg daily, but supplementation can far exceed this amount and readily increases taurine levels in many tissues. This article will briefly cover some of the many possible utilities of taurine supplementation. Exercise Exercise causes a significant reduction of taurine levels in skeletal muscle, as does aging 1-3. In these conditions, supplemental taurine improves exercise performance and electrical and contractile properties of skeletal muscle in rodents, respectively 1, 3. In healthy rats, taurine increased running time to exhaustion from 73.8 minutes to 98.8 minutes. Additionally, the weights of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were increased, but the difference was not statistically significant 1. A beverage containing taurine, caffeine, and simple carbs increases endurance performance in humans, and a significant portion of these effects is due to the taurine alone 1, 4. However, it has not been established if it was due to a synergistic relationship, as taurine-only studies have not yet been conducted in humans. Taurine also counteracts exercise-induced weakness in a mouse model of dystrophy, and is superior to creatine in this regard 5, and it protects muscle tissue from ischemia-reperfusion injury 6. Among the postulated mechanisms of action are membrane stabilization and modulation of ion channels or calcium ion storage capacity 1, 3-4, although there could be a wide variety of reasons for this effect such as osmoregulation. Cardiac health The concentrations of taurine in the heart are very high, and it constitutes over 50% of the total free amino acid pool 7. Among the multiple roles it plays are protecting from excessive or inadequate intracellular calcium, acting as a membrane stabilizer, and protecting from injury and oxidative stress 7-8. Although the taurine content in the heart is tightly regulated and not as subject to deprivation as many other tissues, chronic taurine depletion can result in severe cardiomyopathy 8. Certain conditions, such as congestive heart failure, can cause a disruption of taurine homeostasis. In a trial with 14 patients with congestive heart failure, 6 grams per day of taurine lowered the heart-failure score from 5.8 to 3.7 where no benefit was seen in the placebo group, and in an animal model of congestive heart failure, 100 mgkg of taurine reduced mortality from 52% to 11% 7. Both in vivo and in vitro, taurine protects the heart from ischemic damage by acting as an antioxidant and membrane stabilizer 8, 9. Taurine also reduces arrhythmias induced by chemicals or ischemia 7, 9. Finally, taurine administration improved heart function in rats submitted to a high stress load forced swimming 10. Hypertension Commonly used animal models for hypertension include the spontaneously hypertensive rat, the DOCA-salt rat, the salt sensitive Dahl-S rat, and the renovascular hypertensive rat, and taurine alleviates hypertension in all of these models. Taurine also prevents hypertension in rats fed a high fructose diet and rats treated with alcohol. In humans with hypertension, 6 grams of taurine daily resulted in significant reductions in blood pressure, and this was independently verified in two other studies, one of them with only 3 g of taurine. Taurine does not cause a reduction in blood pressure in normotensive humans, indicating that the mechanism of action is specific to the pathology. Both effects in the CNS and modulation of hormone levels are involved 11. Atherosclerosis Taurine has a beneficial effect on a number of markers of atherosclerosis, and reduces the development of atherosclerosis in animals. Animal models in which taurine has improved cholesterol levels by reducing LDL or total cholesterol or increasing HDL cholesterol include spontaneously hyperlipidaemic mice, rats and rabbits fed high cholesterol diets, genetic type 2 diabetic GK rats, and normal rats 12-15. In a single-blind placebo-controlled study with healthy individuals fed a diet designed to raise cholesterol levels, 6 g daily of taurine reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels 7. The reduction of cholesterol levels is due to increased bile acid conjugation and antioxidant effects 7, 12-14. Additionally, taurine prevents stress on the endoplasmic reticulum induced by homocysteine 16 and improves endothelial function in young cigarette smokers, having a greater effect than vitamin C 17-18. Neuroprotection The brain is another area where taurine is particularly important. Taurine plays an essential role in both brain development and regeneration and promotes the survival and proliferation of neurons 19. Additionally, supplemental taurine exerts a definite pharmacological effect in the brain 20. Taurine is a potent neuroprotectant, protecting against glutamate excitotoxicity, cerebral ischemia, oxidative stress, and the buildup of toxins including carbon tetrachloride and ammonia 21-25. Among other things, this neuroprotection is due to regulation of calcium homeostasis and apoptosis, direct scavenging of toxins, and a reduction of oxidative stress 23-26. Taurine also holds promise as an anticonvulsant and in the prevention of epilepsy 7, 27-28. Memory Taurine plays an important role in long-term potentiation. Taurine improves memory in mice treated with a variety of amnestic agents, such as pentobarbital, cycloheximide, sodium nitrite, and alcohol. However, it does not improve memory in healthy, untreated mice 29. Taurine also imrpoves memory in rats exposed to ozone 30. Taurine increases brain levels of acetylcholine in animals, and decreased levels of taurine have been found in Alzheimer's patients 7. It is yet to be seen whether taurine improves memory in humans, but it is likely to have an effect at least in individuals with impaired memory. Diabetes insulin sensitivity When administered to mice receiving a glucose infusion for six hours, taurine inhibited the development of insulin resistance, which occured primarily in skeletal muscle 31. Taurine also inhibited hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats 32. For this and other reasons, taurine holds promise in the treatment of diabetes. In diabetic subjects, the amount of arachidonic acid required to induce platelet aggregation is lower, and taurine reduces this effect 7. Furthermore, taurine improves kidney function in animal models of diabetes 59-60. In addition to antioxidant mechanisms, taurine may also exert these benefits by increasing the excretion of nitrite and the formation of kinins 32. Cystic fibrosis Taurine can aid in the treatment of cystic fibrosis in two ways. The first is by inhibiting nutrient malabsorption a double-blind study found that 30 mgkg daily helped alleviate steatorrhea in children with cystic fibrosis 7. Taurine supplementation also helps maintain taurine levels in the lung, and along with niacin taurine reduced lung injury and fibrosis in a mouse model 33. Taurine also protects the lungs from oxidative stress due to ozone exposure 34. Eye health The retina is another area where taurine is found in particularly high concentrations, although its role there is not well established. Visual dysfunction in both humans and animals has been linked with taurine deficiency that can be reversed with supplementation 35. Along with diltiazem and vitamin E, taurine helped reduce the progressive visual field reduction caused by retinitis pigmentosa, but as monotherapy results have not been clinically significant 7, 36. Taurine also inhibits oxidative stress in cataractous lenses 37 and protects from retinal abnormalities due to diabetes in rat models, proving more effective on various levels than vitamin E and selenium 38-39. Heavy metals toxins Taurine protects many of the body's organs against toxicity and oxidative stress due to various substances. Taurine neutralizes the toxin hypochlorous acid, thus protecting from DNA damage 7. In the liver, taurine inhibits the toxic effects of high fructose feeding, alcohol, acetaminophen, and thioacetamide in rats taurine also improves some markers in patients with hepatitis 7 40-43. In the kidneys, taurine protects against cisplatin toxicity and prevents renal damage from salt feeding in salt-sensitive rats 44-45. Taurine also protects against ulcers caused by monochloramine, a toxin associated with H. pylori infection 46. Accumulation of heavy metals can have a variety of toxic effects, and taurine reduces the damage caused by excess levels cadmium, copper, and lead in rats 47-49. Taurine also reduces the toxic effect of oxidized fish oil in rats 50. Skin health In vitro, taurine improves recovery from burn injured skin, and a topical taurine gel accelerates wound healing in mice 51-52. As an osmolyte, taurine helps maintain hydration in the epidermis when it is exposed to a dry environment 53, but the effect of oral taurine supplementation on skin hydration and healing has not been determined. General health life extension Aging is associat"
Price: 11.99
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| 1Fast400 Taurine Powder 1000 grams |
"Cardiac Health Brain Function Energy Memory Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid that is the most abundant free amino acid in many tissues. Taurine is different than most other amino acids because it is not incorporated into proteins, but it does play many roles in the body, including bile acid conjugation, detoxification, membrane stabilization, osmoregulation, and modulation of excitatory neurotransmission and intracellular calcium levels. The mean taurine intake in humans is estimated to be around 60 mg daily, but supplementation can far exceed this amount and readily increases taurine levels in many tissues. This article will briefly cover some of the many possible utilities of taurine supplementation. Exercise Exercise causes a significant reduction of taurine levels in skeletal muscle, as does aging 1-3. In these conditions, supplemental taurine improves exercise performance and electrical and contractile properties of skeletal muscle in rodents, respectively 1, 3. In healthy rats, taurine increased running time to exhaustion from 73.8 minutes to 98.8 minutes. Additionally, the weights of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were increased, but the difference was not statistically significant 1. A beverage containing taurine, caffeine, and simple carbs increases endurance performance in humans, and a significant portion of these effects is due to the taurine alone 1, 4. However, it has not been established if it was due to a synergistic relationship, as taurine-only studies have not yet been conducted in humans. Taurine also counteracts exercise-induced weakness in a mouse model of dystrophy, and is superior to creatine in this regard 5, and it protects muscle tissue from ischemia-reperfusion injury 6. Among the postulated mechanisms of action are membrane stabilization and modulation of ion channels or calcium ion storage capacity 1, 3-4, although there could be a wide variety of reasons for this effect such as osmoregulation. Cardiac health The concentrations of taurine in the heart are very high, and it constitutes over 50% of the total free amino acid pool 7. Among the multiple roles it plays are protecting from excessive or inadequate intracellular calcium, acting as a membrane stabilizer, and protecting from injury and oxidative stress 7-8. Although the taurine content in the heart is tightly regulated and not as subject to deprivation as many other tissues, chronic taurine depletion can result in severe cardiomyopathy 8. Certain conditions, such as congestive heart failure, can cause a disruption of taurine homeostasis. In a trial with 14 patients with congestive heart failure, 6 grams per day of taurine lowered the heart-failure score from 5.8 to 3.7 where no benefit was seen in the placebo group, and in an animal model of congestive heart failure, 100 mgkg of taurine reduced mortality from 52% to 11% 7. Both in vivo and in vitro, taurine protects the heart from ischemic damage by acting as an antioxidant and membrane stabilizer 8, 9. Taurine also reduces arrhythmias induced by chemicals or ischemia 7, 9. Finally, taurine administration improved heart function in rats submitted to a high stress load forced swimming 10. Hypertension Commonly used animal models for hypertension include the spontaneously hypertensive rat, the DOCA-salt rat, the salt sensitive Dahl-S rat, and the renovascular hypertensive rat, and taurine alleviates hypertension in all of these models. Taurine also prevents hypertension in rats fed a high fructose diet and rats treated with alcohol. In humans with hypertension, 6 grams of taurine daily resulted in significant reductions in blood pressure, and this was independently verified in two other studies, one of them with only 3 g of taurine. Taurine does not cause a reduction in blood pressure in normotensive humans, indicating that the mechanism of action is specific to the pathology. Both effects in the CNS and modulation of hormone levels are involved 11. Atherosclerosis Taurine has a beneficial effect on a number of markers of atherosclerosis, and reduces the development of atherosclerosis in animals. Animal models in which taurine has improved cholesterol levels by reducing LDL or total cholesterol or increasing HDL cholesterol include spontaneously hyperlipidaemic mice, rats and rabbits fed high cholesterol diets, genetic type 2 diabetic GK rats, and normal rats 12-15. In a single-blind placebo-controlled study with healthy individuals fed a diet designed to raise cholesterol levels, 6 g daily of taurine reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels 7. The reduction of cholesterol levels is due to increased bile acid conjugation and antioxidant effects 7, 12-14. Additionally, taurine prevents stress on the endoplasmic reticulum induced by homocysteine 16 and improves endothelial function in young cigarette smokers, having a greater effect than vitamin C 17-18. Neuroprotection The brain is another area where taurine is particularly important. Taurine plays an essential role in both brain development and regeneration and promotes the survival and proliferation of neurons 19. Additionally, supplemental taurine exerts a definite pharmacological effect in the brain 20. Taurine is a potent neuroprotectant, protecting against glutamate excitotoxicity, cerebral ischemia, oxidative stress, and the buildup of toxins including carbon tetrachloride and ammonia 21-25. Among other things, this neuroprotection is due to regulation of calcium homeostasis and apoptosis, direct scavenging of toxins, and a reduction of oxidative stress 23-26. Taurine also holds promise as an anticonvulsant and in the prevention of epilepsy 7, 27-28. Memory Taurine plays an important role in long-term potentiation. Taurine improves memory in mice treated with a variety of amnestic agents, such as pentobarbital, cycloheximide, sodium nitrite, and alcohol. However, it does not improve memory in healthy, untreated mice 29. Taurine also imrpoves memory in rats exposed to ozone 30. Taurine increases brain levels of acetylcholine in animals, and decreased levels of taurine have been found in Alzheimer's patients 7. It is yet to be seen whether taurine improves memory in humans, but it is likely to have an effect at least in individuals with impaired memory. Diabetes insulin sensitivity When administered to mice receiving a glucose infusion for six hours, taurine inhibited the development of insulin resistance, which occured primarily in skeletal muscle 31. Taurine also inhibited hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats 32. For this and other reasons, taurine holds promise in the treatment of diabetes. In diabetic subjects, the amount of arachidonic acid required to induce platelet aggregation is lower, and taurine reduces this effect 7. Furthermore, taurine improves kidney function in animal models of diabetes 59-60. In addition to antioxidant mechanisms, taurine may also exert these benefits by increasing the excretion of nitrite and the formation of kinins 32. Cystic fibrosis Taurine can aid in the treatment of cystic fibrosis in two ways. The first is by inhibiting nutrient malabsorption a double-blind study found that 30 mgkg daily helped alleviate steatorrhea in children with cystic fibrosis 7. Taurine supplementation also helps maintain taurine levels in the lung, and along with niacin taurine reduced lung injury and fibrosis in a mouse model 33. Taurine also protects the lungs from oxidative stress due to ozone exposure 34. Eye health The retina is another area where taurine is found in particularly high concentrations, although its role there is not well established. Visual dysfunction in both humans and animals has been linked with taurine deficiency that can be reversed with supplementation 35. Along with diltiazem and vitamin E, taurine helped reduce the progressive visual field reduction caused by retinitis pigmentosa, but as monotherapy results have not been clinically significant 7, 36. Taurine also inhibits oxidative stress in cataractous lenses 37 and protects from retinal abnormalities due to diabetes in rat models, proving more effective on various levels than vitamin E and selenium 38-39. Heavy metals toxins Taurine protects many of the body's organs against toxicity and oxidative stress due to various substances. Taurine neutralizes the toxin hypochlorous acid, thus protecting from DNA damage 7. In the liver, taurine inhibits the toxic effects of high fructose feeding, alcohol, acetaminophen, and thioacetamide in rats taurine also improves some markers in patients with hepatitis 7 40-43. In the kidneys, taurine protects against cisplatin toxicity and prevents renal damage from salt feeding in salt-sensitive rats 44-45. Taurine also protects against ulcers caused by monochloramine, a toxin associated with H. pylori infection 46. Accumulation of heavy metals can have a variety of toxic effects, and taurine reduces the damage caused by excess levels cadmium, copper, and lead in rats 47-49. Taurine also reduces the toxic effect of oxidized fish oil in rats 50. Skin health In vitro, taurine improves recovery from burn injured skin, and a topical taurine gel accelerates wound healing in mice 51-52. As an osmolyte, taurine helps maintain hydration in the epidermis when it is exposed to a dry environment 53, but the effect of oral taurine supplementation on skin hydration and healing has not been determined. General health life extension Aging is associat"
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