What, When, Where, How, Who?
Nothingness
Introduction, Important Definitions and Related Concepts:
Since metaphysics is the study of what exists, one might expect metaphysicians
to have little to say about the limit case in which nothing exists.
A singular
force, attraction-to-equilibrium, underlies the laws of nature, and evokes the
process of human thought. Being and Nothingness: An Essay on
Phenomenological Ontology (sometimes subtitled A Phenomenological Essay
on Ontology) is a 1943
philosophical treatise by
Jean-Paul Sartre that is regarded as the beginning of the growth of
existentialism in the
20th
century. Philosophy is the discipline concerned with questions of how
one should live (ethics);
what sorts of things exist and what are their essential natures (metaphysics);
what counts as genuine knowledge (epistemology);
and what are the correct principles of reasoning (logic).a title="" href="#_note-0">[1]a title="" href="#_note-1">[2]
Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (June
21, 1905 �??
April 15,
1980), normally
known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre (pronounced
[�?�?�? pol sa�?t�?�?]), was a
French
existentialist
philosopher and pioneer,
dramatist
and
screenwriter,
novelist
and
critic. Existentialism is a
philosophical movement that posits that individuals create the meaning and
essence of their lives. The twentieth century of the
Common Era
began on 1
January 1901
and ended on
31
December 2000,
according to the
Gregorian calendar.a title="" href="#_note-0">[1]/sup>A century (From the
Latin cent,
one hundred) is
one
hundred consecutive
years. Metaphysics is the branch of
philosophy
that investigates principles of reality transcending those of any particular
science, traditionally,
cosmology
and ontology.
Epistemology or theory of knowledge is a branch of
philosophy
concerned with the nature and scope of
knowledge.a title="" href="#_note-0">[1]sup>Logic (from
Classical Greek λ�?γο�?
logos; meaning
word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle) is the study of
the principles and criteria of valid
inference
and
demonstration. June is the sixth
month of the
year in the
Gregorian calendar, with a length of 30
days. Twenty-one is a
Fibonacci number, a
Harshad number, a
Motzkin number, a
triangular number and an
octagonal number, as well as a
composite number, its proper
divisors
being 1,
3
and 7.
Year 1905 (MCMV)
was a
common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the
Gregorian calendar (or a
common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower
Julian calendar). April is the fourth
month of the year
in the
Gregorian Calendar, and one of four months with the maximum length of 30
days.
15 (fifteen) is the
natural number following
14
and preceding
16.
Year 1980 (MCMLXXX)
was a
leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980
Gregorian calendar). Pronounced means strongly
marked. French (français,
pronounced
[f�?�?�?s�?]) is a
Romance language originally spoken in
France,
Belgium,
Luxembourg
and
Switzerland, and today by about 350 million people around the world as
either a
native or a
second language,Drama is the specific
mode of
fiction
represented in
performance.Screenwriters, scenarists, or script writers, are
authors who
write the
screenplays from which
movies and
television programs are made. A novel (from,
Italian novella,
Spanish novela,
French nouvelle for "new", "news", or "short story of something new")
is today a long
written,
fictional, prose
narrative.
The word critic comes from the
Greek κ�?ι�?ικ�?�?,
kritikós - one who discerns,
which itself arises from the
Ancient Greek word κ�?ι�?ή�?,
krités, meaning a person
who offers reasoned
judgment or
analysis,
value judgment, interpretation, or
observation.
Social movement, a type of group action. Common means of or relating to the community as
a whole; public: for the common good. See
Usage Note at mutual. An
era is a long period of time with different technical and colloquial
meanings, and usages in language. January is the
first
month of the
year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars, and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31
days. Year 1901
(MCMI)
was a
common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the
Gregorian calendar (or a
common year starting on Monday
of the 13-day-slower
Julian calendar).
December 31 is the 365th day of
the year (366th in
leap years)
in the
Gregorian calendar. Year 2000 (MM)
was a
leap year starting on Saturday. The Gregorian calendar is the most
widely used
calendar in the world today. Latin (lingua latīna,
pronounced
[la�?ti�?na]) is an ancient
Indo-European language that was spoken in the
Roman Republic and the
Roman
Empire. One means being a single entity, unit, object, or living being.
Hundred (word), a word typically meaning the number
100.
A year (from Old English
g�?r) is the
time between two recurrences of an event related to the
orbit of the
Earth around the
Sun. Cosmology,
from the
Greek: κο�?μολογία (cosmologia, κ�?�?μο�? (cosmos)
order + λογο�? (logos)
word, reason, plan) is the quantitative (usually
mathematical) study of the
Universe in
its totality, and by extension, humanity's place in it. Ontology is a
study of conceptions of
reality and
the nature of being. Knowledge is defined (Oxford
English Dictionary) variously as (i) expertise, and skills acquired by a
person through
experience
or education;
the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject, (ii) what is known in a
particular field or in total; facts and information or (iii) awareness or
familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation. Ancient Greek
refers to the second stage in the history of the
Greek language
as it existed during the
Archaic (9th�??6th centuries
BC)
and
Classical (5th�??4th centuries BC) periods in
Greece.
Logos means It derives from
the verb
λέγ�? leg�?: to count, tell, say, or speak.Inference is the act or process of deriving a
conclusion
based solely on what one already knows.
Scientific demonstration, a scientific experiment carried out for the
purposes of illustrating principles, rather than for hypothesis testing or
knowledge gathering. The month is a unit of
time, used with
calendars,
which is approximately as long as some natural
period related to the motion of the
Moon. A day
(symbol: d) is a
unit of time
equivalent to 24 hours.
In
mathematics, the Fibonacci numbers are a
sequence of
numbers named after Leonardo of Pisa, known as
Fibonacci,
whose
Liber Abaci published in 1202 introduced the sequence to Western
European mathematics. A number is an abstract idea used in
counting
and
measuring. A Harshad number, or Niven number, is an
integer that
is divisible by the sum of its digits in a given
number base. The Motzkin numbers enumerate various combinatorial objects. A
triangular number is the sum of the n
natural numbers from 1 to n. In
geometry,
an octagon is a
polygon that
has
eight sides. A composite number
is a
positive integer
which is not
prime
(i.e., which has
factors
other than 1 and itself). In
mathematics, a divisor of an
integer n,
also called a factor of n, is an integer which evenly divides n
without leaving a
remainder.
1 (one) is a
number,
numeral, and
the name of the glyph
representing that number. 3 is the
natural number following
2
and preceding
4.
7 (seven) is the
natural number following
6
and preceding
8.
Start means To begin an activity or a movement; set out. Sunday is the
day of the week between
Saturday
and Monday.
Calendar is Any of various systems of reckoning time in which the beginning,
length, and divisions of a year are defined. Saturday is the either the sixth or
seventh
day of the week. The Julian calendar was a reform of the
Roman calendar which was introduced by
Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709
ab urbe condita). Natural means Present in or produced by nature:
a natural pearl. 14 (fourteen)
is the
natural number following
13
and preceding
15.
Sixteen is a
composite number, and a
square number, being
42
= 4 �? 4. A leap year (or intercalary year) is a year containing
one or more extra days (or, in case of
lunisolar calendars, an extra month) in order to keep the
calendar year synchronised with the
astronomical or
seasonal year. Tuesday The name comes from
Middle English Twisday, from
Old English Tiwes dæg, named after the
Nordic god
Tyr,
who was the equivalent of the Roman war god
Mars, and Greek god
Ares. Romance means Of, relating to, or being any of the languages that
developed from Latin, including Italian, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and
Spanish. A language is a system of visual, auditory, or tactile
symbols of
communication and the rules used to manipulate them. France (pronounced
/fræns/,
French:
[f�?�?�?s]), officially the French Republic (French:
République française,
pronounced
[�?epy�?blik f�?�?�?�?s�?z]), is a
country whose
metropolitan territory is located in
Western Europe and that also comprises various overseas islands and
territories located in other continents.The Kingdom of Belgium is a
country in
northwest Europe. Luxembourg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
(Luxembourgish:
Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg,
French: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg,
German: Gro�?herzogtum Luxemburg),
also spelled Luxemburg, is a small
landlocked country in
western Europe, bordered by
Belgium,
France, and
Germany.
Switzerland (German:
Schweiz,
French: Suisse,
Italian: Svizzera,
Romansh: Svizra), officially the
Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in
Latin, hence its
ISO country code
CHE), is a
landlocked country of 7.5 million people in
Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km². A first language (also
mother tongue, native language, arterial language, or L1)
is the language a human being learns from birth.second means Coming next after the first in order, place, rank, time, or
quality. Mode is a manner, way, or method of doing or acting:
modern modes of travel. See Synonyms at
method. Fiction is
the telling of stories which are not entirely based upon facts. Represent is a
transitive verb act
or speak for another: to act or speak on
behalf of somebody or something. A performance, in
performing arts, generally comprises an event in which one group of people
(the performer or performers) behave in a particular way for another group of
people (the
audience). An author is defined both as "the person who originates or
gives existence to anything" and as "one who sets forth written statements" in
the Oxford English Dictionary (1). A screenplay or script is a
written plan, authored by a
screenwriter, for a
film or
television program. Movie is a sequence of photographs projected onto a
screen with sufficient rapidity as to create the illusion of motion and
continuity. A television program (US), television programme (UK)
or simply television show is a segment of programming in
television
broadcasting. Italian (italiano ,
or lingua italiana) is a
Romance language spoken by about 63 million people,Spanish (español )
or Castilian (castellano) is a
Romance language originally from the northern area of
Spain. Writing
is the representation of language in a textual
medium through the use of signs or symbols. Prose is writing
distinguished from
poetry by its greater variety of
rhythm and its
closer resemblance to everyday
speech. A narrative is a construct created in a suitable medium
(speech, writing, images) that describes a sequence of fictional or
non-fictional events. Ancient means
having had an existence of many years.
In non-legal contexts, a judgement (British English) or
judgment (American English) is a balanced weighing up of evidence
preparatory to making a decision.
Value (mathematics) -- the value of a variable in mathematics.
Observation is an activity of a
sapient or
sentient
living being (e.g.
humans), which senses and assimilates the
knowledge
of a
phenomenon in its framework of previous knowledge and ideas. Social
refers to human
society or its
organization. Mutual means
directed by each toward the other or the others
<mutual affection>. First is The
ordinal number matching the number one in a series. It gets its name from the
Moon, which in turn gets its name from
Mani (Old
English Mona), the
Germanic Moon
god. The Indo-European languages comprise a
family of several hundred related
languages
and dialects,
including most of the major languages of
Europe, the
northern
Indian subcontinent (South
Asia), the
Iranian plateau (Southwest
Asia), and much of
Central
Asia. The Roman Empire is the phase of the
ancient
Roman civilization characterized by an
autocratic
form of government. A republic is a
state or
country that
is not led by a hereditary
monarch,[1]
where the people of that state or country (or at least a part of that people)
have impact on its government,
and that is usually indicated as a republic.