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Pawka 4 1/4" large throwing star
Pawka 4 1/4" large throwing star
Price: 1.99


Small 2 1/4 inches Stars Dragon (Sold by Dozen)
Small 2 1/4 inches Stars Dragon (Sold by Dozen)
Price: 10.99


Small Fry 1,000,000 Volt Mini Stun Gun
The ground breaking design of the Streetwise Small Fry Stun Gun enables 1,000,000 volts to fire out of a stun gun that is so small it can actually be concealed inside a pack of cigarettes! Traditionally, the higher the voltage of a stun gun the larger the unit had to be. This is because they are normally powered by 9 volt batteries and the higher voltage units required three or four batteries. Now you do not have to choose between a small stun gun that is easy to carry and conceal or a high-voltage unit that is large and bulky. Even though the Small Fry is the highest voltage unit on the market it is also a smallest on the market. It easily fits in the palm of your hand or can be concealed inside a pack of cigarettes. For those who would prefer to carry it in a holster we have included a small heavy-duty nylon holster with belt loop. Worlds Strongest Stun Gun: at 1,000,000 volts, this is the highest voltage stun gun available. Just test firing this unit into the air is often enough to stop an attacker. As the bright electric current pulsates between the test prongs and creates an intimidating electrical sound an attacker with any sense at all will be stopped in his tracks. If the sight and sound doesnt stop them a jolt from this unit certainly will! When an attacker is touched by the Small Fry it will disrupt the message the brain sends to the voluntary muscles. Simply touching an attacker for three to five seconds will deliver a high voltage shock causing loss of balance and muscle control, confusion, and disorientation bringing him to his knees and making him incapable of further aggressive activity. Full recovery takes about five to ten minutes and there is no permanent harm. No batteries needed. Safety Buttton: to prevent accidental discharge, the safety button must be pressed in before the unit will operate. Holster Included: includes a heavy duty holster with belt loop for easy carrying. Lifetime Warranty: the Small Fry Stun Gun is one of the highest quality models available and comes with a lifetime warranty *Rechargeable *Worlds Most Powerful Stun Gun *Worlds Smallest Stun Gun *Safety Button *Free Holster *Lifetime Warrant
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Small Fry 400,000 Volt Mini Stun Gun
Features: *Worlds Smallest Stun Gun *Safety Switch *Free Holster *Lifetime Warranty The ground breaking design of the Streetwise Small Fry Stun Gun enables 400,000 volts to fire out of a stun gun that is so small it can actually be concealed inside a pack of cigarettes! Traditionally, the higher the voltage of a stun gun the larger the unit had to be. This is because they are normally powered by 9 volt batteries and the higher voltage units required three or four batteries. By using 3 volt lithium batteries, which are powerful batteries but are only 1.25 inches tall the Small Fry has revolutionized the stun gun industry. Now you do not have to choose between a small stun gun that is easy to carry and conceal or a high-voltage unit that is large and bulky. It easily fits in the palm of your hand or can be concealed inside a pack of cigarettes. For those who would prefer to carry it in a holster we have included in a small heavy-duty nylon holster with belt loop. Requires three 3 volt lithium batteries. Small in Size, not Stopping Power: When an attacker is touched by the Small Fry it will disrupt the message the brain sends to the voluntary muscles. Simply touching an attacker for three to five seconds will deliver a high voltage shock causing loss of balance and muscle control, confusion, and disorientation bringing him to his knees and making him incapable of further aggressive activity. Full recovery takes about five to ten minutes and there is no permanent harm. Safety Switch: to prevent accidental discharge, the safety switch must be in the "on" position before the unit will operate. A red light will illuminate above the safety switch to warn you that the stun gun is ready to fire. Holster Included: includes a heavy duty holster with belt loop for easy carrying. Lifetime Warranty: the Small Fry Stun Gun is one of the highest quality models available and comes with a lifetime warranty.
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Small Fry 700,000 Volt Mini Stun Gun
*Worlds Smallest Stun Gun *Safety Switch Holster *Lifetime Warranty The ground breaking design of the Streetwise Small Fry Stun Gun enables 700,000 volts to fire out of a stun gun that is so small it can actually be concealed inside a pack of cigarettes! Traditionally, the higher the voltage of a stun gun the larger the unit had to be. This is because they are normally powered by 9 volt batteries and the higher voltage units required three or four batteries. By using 3 volt lithium batteries, which are powerful batteries but are only 1.25 inches tall the Small Fry has revolutionized the stun gun industry. Now you do not have to choose between a small stun gun that is easy to carry and conceal or a high voltage unit that is big and bulky. It easily fits in the palm of your hand or can be concealed inside a pack of cigarettes. For those who would prefer to carry it in a holster we have included in a small heavy-duty nylon holster with belt loop. Small in Size, not Stopping Power Just test firing this unit into the air is often enough to stop an attacker. As the bright electric current pulsates between the test prongs and creates an intimidating electrical sound an attacker with any sense at all will be stopped in his tracks. If the sight and sound doesnt stop them a jolt from this unit certainly will! When an attacker is touched by the Small Fry it will disrupt the message the brain sends to the voluntary muscles. Simply touching an attacker for three to five seconds will deliver a high voltage shock causing loss of balance and muscle control, confusion, and disorientation bringing him to his knees and making him incapable of further aggressive activity. Full recovery takes about five to ten minutes and there is no permanent harm. Requires three 3 volt lithium batteries. Safety Switch: to prevent accidental discharge, the safety button must be in the "on" position. A red LED light will illuminate above the safety switch indicating that the unit is ready to fire. Holster Included: includes a heavy duty holster with belt loop for easy carrying. Lifetime Warranty: the Small Fry Stun Gun is one of the highest quality models available and comes with a lifetime warranty.
Price: 39.99


Oda Wakazashi Hanwei Sword
Decorative Unique Design Maintenance Free KEY FEATURES: * Decorative * Unique Design * Maintenance Free MEASUREMENTS: BLADE LENGTH: 17 inches HANDLE LENGTH: 8 � inches OVERALL LENGTH: 26 � inches WEIGHT: 2lbs 11oz
Price: 224.99


Shinto Katana Sword by Hanwei
Each piece in the Shinto Daisho (SH1001 & SH1015) has a hand-forged 1065 high-carbon steel blade (nagasa) and is differentially tempered using a traditional claying method. The Shinto Daisho is mounted in black and the tsuka-ito is made of premium black Japanese cotton. The saya is done in a deep black lacquer with a black cotton sageo. A finely rendered dragon, detailed in gold, with true front-and-back detail, forms the black iron tsuba. The fittings are superbly antiqued adding to the aesthetics of the set. The blades feature a groove (bo-hi) on both sides and are constructed with a medium length (chu) kissaki. The incredibly popular Shinto Daisho is the cornerstone of our CAS/Hanwei line of Samurai weapons. KEY FEATURES: * Forged high-carbon steel blade * Built for cutting * Traditional construction MEASUREMENTS: BLADE LENGTH: 27 inches HANDLE LENGTH: 11 3/4 inches PRODUCT WIDTH: 1.15 inches OVERALL LENGTH: 39 1/2 inches WEIGHT: 1lb 14oz THICKNESS: .260 This sword is made by Hanwei - the standard-setter in the replica sword industry.
Price: 726.99


Bamboo Stick Katana Sword Replica by Hanwei
In 1876, the Samurai were banned from carrying their swords. This attempt to end a thousand year tradition was not received well by the proud warrior class and the �stick katana� was born. Innocuous walking canes now concealed the revered blades, but the katana lived on. The Bamboo Stick Katana (SH1002) combines an artfully curved bamboo scabbard and handle with a blade (nagasa) that is constructed of hand-forged 1065 high-carbon steel and is differentially tempered using a traditional claying method. The edge hardness and resilient blade body produced by this technique embody the true secret of the Samurai sword. KEY FEATURES: * Hand forged and tempered blade * Hand carved * Genuine temper line MEASUREMENTS: BLADE LENGTH: 27 1/4 inches HANDLE LENGTH: 11 1/2 inches PRODUCT WIDTH: 1.100 inches OVERALL LENGTH: 39 1/4 inches WEIGHT: 1lb 13oz THICKNESS: .265 Hanwei replica swords set the world standard for quality in the replica marketplace! Start collecting these beautiful swords or add to your collection with the standard bearer! Demand is high, so if the sword you want is in stock we suggest you order today!
Price: 527.99


Shinto Wakizashi Replica Sword
During the Muromachi period (1568-1603), the introduction of the pairing of the Katana (the curved sword) and Wakizashi was introduced. The Wakizashi, or the shorter companion blade to the Katana, was about 18 inches long. Only the warrior class - the Samurai - was allowed to wear the two swords, which remained a custom for the next several hundred years until abolished in the 19th century. This Wakizashi is the companion piece to the Shinto Katana (1001-GT), with matching fittings and blade construction. Supplied with a protective cloth bag and traditional maintenance kit. BLADE LENGTH: 21" HANDLE LENGTH: 7" OVERALL LENGTH: 28" WEIGHT: 1lb 7oz
Price: 399.99


Miyamoto Musashi Daito Functional Sword
Miyamoto Musashi, arguably the most famous swordmaster in Japanese history, fought more than 60 duels before retiring and writing his famous treatise on swordplay, the "Book of Five Rings". Musashi was well above average height and his Daito (long sword) was made to match his size. Development of the two-sword style of swordplay, with the Daito (long sword) and Wakizashi being used together, is credited to Musashi. Fittingly, we are able to offer both pieces with matching mounts. The Hanwei reproduction of the Musashi Daisho (1016-GT, 1017-GT) is faithful to the original down to the famous double-ring iron tsubas. The Musashi Katana is mounted in black, with subtle copper inlays in the saya, and the tsuka-ito is in leather over ray skin. The blade is hand-forged in high-carbon steel and is edge-tempered using the traditional clay tempering method, resulting in a distinct hamon. Edge hardness is 60HRC, back hardness 40HRC. The grip is double-pegged to the tang for safety. Supplied with a protective cloth bag and traditional maintenance kit.BLADE LENGTH: 30 �" HANDLE LENGTH: 14 3/4" OVERALL LENGTH: 45" WEIGHT: 2lb 15oz
Price: 679.99


Miyamoto Musashi Wakizashi Functional Sword
During the Muromachi period (1568-1603), the introduction of the pairing of the Katana (the curved sword) and Wakizashi was introduced. The Wakizashi, or the shorter companion blade to the Katana, was about 18 inches long. Only the warrior class - the Samurai - was allowed to wear the two swords, which remained a custom for the next several hundred years until abolished in the 19th century. This Wakizashi is the companion piece to the Musashi Miyamoto Katana (1016-GT) with matching fittings and blade construction. Supplied with a protective cloth bag and traditional maintenance kit. BLADE LENGTH: 19 �" HANDLE LENGTH: 7" OVERALL LENGTH: 26 �" WEIGHT: 1lb 7oz
Price: 399.99


Golden Oriole Daisho Katana Functional Sword
It has been said that in simplicity lies great beauty, an axiom stunningly validated by the Golden Oriole Katana (1018-GT) and Wakizashi (1019-GT). The story told by the stunning tsuba is of a mantis stealthily stalking the cricket, unaware that he is himself being stalked by the Golden Oriole. The deeply lacquered blue of the saya is repeated in the Japanese cotton tsuka-ito, and the Oriole appears again on the kashira. Unmistakably Hanwei quality, the 14" tsuka of the katana gives a superb balance to the sword, allowing it to move very quickly and very freely. Supplied with a protective cloth bag and traditional maintenance kit. BLADE LENGTH: 28 �" HANDLE LENGTH: 14 1/2" OVERALL LENGTH: 42 �" WEIGHT: 2lb 11oz
Price: 679.99


Hanwei Golden Oriole Wakizashi Sword
During the Muromachi period (1568-1603), the introduction of the pairing of the Katana (the curved sword) and Wakizashi was introduced. The Wakizashi, or the shorter companion blade to the Katana, was about 18 inches long. Only the warrior class - the Samurai - was allowed to wear the two swords, which remained a custom for the next several hundred years until abolished in the 19th century. This Wakizashi is the companion piece to the Golden Oriole Katana (1018-GT), with matching fittings and blade construction. Supplied with protective cloth bag and traditional maintenance kit. BLADE LENGTH: 20 �" HANDLE LENGTH: 7 1/4" OVERALL LENGTH: 28" WEIGHT: 1lb 8oz
Price: 399.99


Naginata Sword - Hanweii Japanese
The Naginata, famed weapon of the Sohei, or warrior monks, of medieval Japan was fearsome in the hands of a skilled combatant and is today of great importance in the martial arts field. Our naginata (SH1020), while retaining its traditional qualities, has been revised to better meet the needs of the martial arts practitioner. Hand forged 1065 high-carbon steel and edge tempered, using a traditional claying method, the naginata blade is at least the equal of the originals. Mounted on a long tang to better absorb the shock of a blow, the blade has a strong distal taper for balance and quickness. The delicately engraved tsuba features a silver butterfly motif. The one-piece staff (ebu) is very strong, featuring a traditional tear-drop cross-section for easy recognition of blade orientation and a black non-slip finish for better control of the weapon. The naginata is supplied with a wooden saya, a protective cloth bag and a boxed maintenance kit. KEY FEATURES: * Hand forged high-carbon steel blade * Edge tempered * Tear-drop cross-section for correct blade orientation MEASUREMENTS: BLADE LENGTH: 20 1/4 inches HANDLE LENGTH: 55 1/2i nches OVERALL LENGTH: 76 3/4 inches WEIGHT: 4lb 10oz THICKNESS: .305 inches
Price: 618.99


Renaissance Style Swept Hilt Rapier
Swept Hilt Rapiers trace their origins to early 17th century Europe, where swordplay with the Rapier was considered an essential part of a gentlemans education and was often used in resolving gentlemanly disagreements. This model features a well-balanced high-carbon steel blade with a solid steel basket (not plated) and a hardwood grip. The rigid scabbard is leather-covered. The SH2117 is the matching main gauche for this piece. KEY FEATURES: * Authentic historical design * Steel basket * Rigid scabbard MEASUREMENTS: BLADE LENGTH: 36 5/8 inches OVERALL LENGTH: 44 3/4 inches WEIGHT: 2lb 1oz WEIGHT IN BOX: 5lb 2oz
Price: 209.99


Pappenheimer Renaissance Style Swept Hilt Rapier
The Pappenheimer style basket originated with Gottfried Heinrich and Graff Pappenheim, who carried a sword so hilted in the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) - many smiths throughout Germany and the low countries copied the style, which provides excellent sword hand protection. KEY FEATURES: * High-carbon steel blade * Steel basket (no plating) * Wire-wrapped hilt and rigid scabbard MEASUREMENTS: BLADE LENGTH: 36 inches OVERALL LENGTH: 44 5/8 inches WEIGHT: 3lb WEIGHT IN BOX: 6lb
Price: 263.99


Swept Hilt Rapier - Hanwei Quality Sword
Swept Hilt Rapiers trace their origins to early 17th century Europe, where swordplay with the Rapier was considered an essential part of a gentlemans education and was often used in resolving gentlemanly disagreements. Blades typically originated in Toledo or Solingen and would be hilted by regional smiths, resulting in many hilt styles. One of our most popular rapiers, the 1027S-GT has a solid steel (not plated) basket, with the S-shaped quillons in vogue around 1625, a wire-wrapped grip and a rigid leather-covered scabbard. The same hilt is used on our Practical Rapiers (Models 1098-GT and 1099-GT), which are equipped with button-ended sparring blades. A matching Main Gauche (Model 1029-GT) is available for the 1027S-GT Rapier. KEY FEATURES: * Hand-forged high-carbon steel blade * Solid steel hilt * Rigid leather-covered scabbard MEASUREMENTS: BLADE LENGTH: 38 inches OVERALL LENGTH: 44 inches WEIGHT: 2lb 8oz WEIGHT IN BOX: 5lb 12oz
Price: 209.99


Trident Main Gauche by Hanwei
The Main Gauche or left-hand dagger was used in conjunction with the rapier, providing an added dimension in both offense and defense. Replicating a 17th century museum piece, our Trident Main Gauche (1031-GT) illustrates the skill and ingenuity of the bladesmiths of the period. Worn as a straight dagger, the weapon becomes a highly effective Main Gauche at the touch of a button, when the spring-loaded side pieces of the split blade fly open to become blade trappers. At the same time the offensive capability provided by the point is retained. Surprisingly, many examples of this ingenious system have survived and may be seen in European museums. KEY FEATURES: * Ingenious spring -operated mechanism. * Accurate replication of a museum piece * Great conversation piece MEASUREMENTS: BLADE LENGTH: 11 5/8 inches OVERALL LENGTH: 17 5/8 inches WEIGHT: 1lb 2oz WEIGHT IN BOX: 2lb
Price: 143.99


 

War

War is the reciprocal and violent application of force between hostile political entities aimed at bringing about a desired political end-state via armed conflict. In his seminal work, On War, Carl Von Clausewitz calls war the "continuation of political intercourse, carried on with other means."[1] War is an interaction in which two or more militaries have a “struggle of wills”.[2] When qualified as a civil war, it is a dispute inherent to a given society, and its nature is in the conflict over modes of governance rather than sovereignty. War is not considered to be the same as mere occupation, murder or genocide because of the reciprocal nature of the violent struggle, and the organized nature of the units involved.

War is also a cultural entity, and its practice is not linked to any single type of political organisation or society. Rather, as discussed by John Keegan in his “History Of Warfare”, war is a universal phenomenon whose form and scope is defined by the society that wages it. [3] The conduct of war extends along a continuum, from the almost universal tribal warfare that began well before recorded human history, to wars between city states, nations, or empires. A group of combatants and their support is called an army on land, a navy at sea, and air force in the air. Wars may be prosecuted simultaneously in one or more different theatres. Within each theatre, there may be one or more consecutive military campaigns. A military campaign includes not only fighting but also intelligence, troop movements, supplies, propaganda, and other components. Continuous conflict is traditionally called a battle, although this terminology is not always fed to conflicts involving aircraft, missiles or bombs alone, in the absence of ground troops or naval forces.

War is not limited to the human species, as ants engage in massive intra-species conflicts which might be termed warfare. It is theorized that other species also engage in similar behavior, although this is not well documented. [4][5][6]

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[edit] History of war

Main article: History of war

Some believe war has always been with us; others stress the lack of clear evidence that war is not in our prehistoric past, and the fact that many peaceful, non-military societies have and still do exist.


Originally, war likely consisted of small-scale raiding. Since the rise of the state some 5000 years ago, military activity has occurred over much of the globe. The advent of gunpowder and the acceleration of technological advances led to modern warfare.

Since the close of the Vietnam War, the ideas expounded by the Prussian military theorist Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831) have come to thoroughly permeate American military writing, doctrinal, theoretical, and historical. His book On War, first published (as Vom Kriege) in 1832, was adopted as a key text at the Naval War College in 1976, the Air War College in 1978, the Army War College in 1981. It has always been central at the U.S. Army's School for Advanced Military Studies at Leavenworth (founded in 1983). The U.S. Marine Corps's brilliant little philosophical field manual FMFM 1: Warfighting (1989) is essentially a distillation of On War, and the newer Marine Corps Doctrinal Publications (MCDPs, c.1997) are equally reflective of Clausewitz's basic concepts.*1

This is not the first time Clausewitz has been in fashion. Indeed, On War has been the bible of many thoughtful soldiers ever since Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke attributed to its guidance his stunning victories in the wars of German unification (1864, 1866, 1870-71). Nor is it the first time that individual American soldiers and military thinkers have been attracted by his ideas: George Patton, Albert Wedemeyer, and—especially—Dwight Eisenhower were intensely interested in what he had to say.

It is, however, the first time that the American armed forces as institutions have turned to Clausewitz. While the philosopher had insisted that war was "simply the expression of politics by other means," the traditional attitude of American soldiers had been that "politics and strategy are radically and fundamentally things apart. Strategy begins where politics end. All that soldiers ask is that once the policy is settled, strategy and command shall be regarded as being in a sphere apart from politics."*2 The sudden acceptability of Clausewitz in the wake of Vietnam is not difficult to account for, for among the major military theorists only Clausewitz seriously struggled with the sort of dilemma that American military leaders faced in the aftermath of their defeat. Clearly, in what had come to be called in scathing terms a "political war," the political and military components of the American war effort had come unstuck. It ran against the grain of America's military men to criticize elected civilian leaders, but it was just as difficult to take the blame upon themselves. Clausewitz's analysis could not have been more relevant:

The more powerful and inspiring the motives for war,... the more closely will the military aims and the political objects of war coincide, and the more military and less political will war appear to be. On the other hand, the less intense the motives, the less will the military element's natural tendency to violence coincide with political directives. As a result, war will be driven further from its natural course, the political object will be more and more at variance with the aim of ideal war, and the conflict will seem increasingly political in character.*3

When people talk, as they often do, about harmful political influence on the management of war, they are not really saying what they mean. Their quarrel should be with the policy itself, not with its influence.

Vom Kriege (IPA[fɔm ˈkʁiːgə]) is a book on war and military strategy by Prussian general Carl von Clausewitz, written mostly after the Napoleonic wars, between 1816 and 1830, and published posthumously by his wife in 1832. It has been translated into English several times as On War. On War is actually an unfinished work; Clausewitz had set about revising his accumulated manuscripts in 1827, but did not live to finish the task. His wife eventually compiled all the work and the final two chapters Clausewitz never finished.

On War is one of the first books on modern military strategy. This is mainly due to Clausewitz' integration of politics and social and economic issues as some of the most important factors in deciding the outcomes of a war. It is one of the most important treatises on strategy ever written, and is prescribed at various military academies to this day.

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[edit] History

Carl von Clausewitz was a Prussian officer among those baffled by how the armies of the French Revolution and Napoleon had changed the nature of war through their ability to motivate the populace and thus unleash war on a greater scale than had previously been the case in Europe. Clausewitz was well educated and had a strong interest in art, science, and education, but he was a professional soldier who spent a considerable part of his life fighting against Napoleon. There is no doubt that the insights he gained from his experiences, combined with a solid grasp of European history, provided much of the raw material for the book. On War represents the compilation of his most cogent observations.

Note: Clausewitz states that Napoleon's tactics were not revolutionary at all and that Napoleonic Warfare did not change anything greatly in military history. The technology of weaponry for the most part remained static, and new strategies weren't developed, but rather Napoleon refurbished old ones, mixing them into one grand strategy.

[edit] Synopsis

The book contains a wealth of historical examples used to illustrate its various concepts. Frederick II of Prussia (the Great) figures prominently for having made very efficient use of the limited forces at his disposal. Napoleon also is a central figure.

Among many strands of thought, three stand out as essential to Clausewitz' concept:

  • War must never be seen as a purpose to itself, but as a means of physically forcing one's will on an opponent ("War is not merely a political act, but also a real political instrument, a continuation of political commerce, a carrying out of the same by other means."[1]).
  • The military objectives in war that support one's political objectives fall into two broad types: "war to achieve limited aims" and war to "disarm” the enemy: “to render [him] politically helpless or militarily impotent."
  • The course of war will tend to favor the party employing more force and resources (a notion extended by Germany's leaders in World War One into "total war"—the pursuit of complete military victory regardless of the political consequences).

Military strategy is a national defence policy implemented by military organisations to pursue desired strategic goals.[1] Derived from the Greek strategos, strategy when it appeared in use during the 18th century[2], was seen in its narrow sense as the "art of the general"[3], 'the art of arrangement' of troops.[4] Military strategy deals with the planning and conduct of campaigns, the movement and disposition of forces, and the deception of the enemy. The father of modern strategic study, Carl von Clausewitz, defined military strategy as "the employment of battles to gain the end of war." Liddell Hart's definition put less emphasis on battles, defining strategy as "the art of distributing and applying military means to fulfil the ends of policy" Hence, both gave the pre-eminence to political aims over military goals, ensuring civilian control of the military.

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[edit] Fundamentals

"You must not fight too often with one enemy, or you will teach him all your art of war." Napoleon Bonaparte

Military strategy is the plan and execution of the contest between very large groups of armed adversaries. It involves each opponent's diplomatic, informational, military, and economic resources wielded against the other's resources to gain supremacy or reduce the opponent's will to fight. It is a principle tool to secure the national interest. A contemporary military strategy is developed via military science. [5] It is as old as society itself. It is a subdiscipline of warfare and of foreign policy. In comparison, grand strategy is that strategy of the largest of organizations which are currently the nation state, confederation, or international alliances. Military strategy has its origins before the Battle of the Ten Kings and will endure through the space age. It is larger in perspective than military tactics which is the disposition and maneuver of units on a particular sea or battlefield.[6]

[edit] Background

Military strategy in the 19th century was still viewed as one of a trivium of "arts" or "sciences" that govern the conduct of warfare; the others being tactics, the execution of plans and manœuvering of forces in battle, and logistics, the maintenance of an army. The view had prevailed since the Roman times, and the borderline between strategy and tactics at this time was blurred, and sometimes categorization of a decision is a matter of almost personal opinion. Carnot, during the French Revolutionary Wars thought it simply involved concentration of troops.[7]

The Battle of Siffin, illustration from a 19th century manuscript by Muhammad Rafi Bazil.

Strategy and tactics are closely related and exist on the same continuum.

 

 

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