These 1000 Chips are 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.
What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!
All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.
The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.
The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.
And as used in casinos all over the world this handy 1000 chip carrying case makes it easy to transport chips all over your casino or gaming room and allows for fast and easy chip access during those crucial gaming moments.
Constructed of thick durable clear acrylic this sturdy reinforced case will hold 10 chip trays neatly stacked for a total of 1000 poker chips. The top easily slides off and a comfortable handle makes it easy to carry and move around. The dimensions are roughly 10"L x 8 "W x 13 "H.
The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved
These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.
These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.
What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!
All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.
The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.
The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.
These chip cases will offer the most protection for your investment. They are made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is black felt with space for 1000 chips. Don't be fooled by lower quality items. We have taken great care to ensure this case has the upgraded strength where required.
This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.
The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved
These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.
These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.
What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!
All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.
The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.
The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.
Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. It will provide the most protection for your investment. It is made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is green velour with space for 300 chips 2 decks of cards and 5 dice. The handles are are securely riveted for long lasting use.
This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.
We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS and 5 DICE "Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time."
The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
C Copyright 2006 All Rights Reserved
These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.
These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.
What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!
All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.
The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.
The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.
This set includes a beautiful OAK chip carrying case holds 300 casino chips. There are three individual 100 chip trays that are removable from the master case. The interior is also lined with felt.
The hardware is made of solid brass. The handle is also produced from OAK.
We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS "Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time."
.
The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved
These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.
These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.
What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!
All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.
The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 13 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.
The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.
Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. This chip case will offer you the most protection for your investment and feature the best look. It is produced from the finest aircraft aluminum and reinforced throughout and yet it is lightweight. The interior is black felt with space for 400 chips and 2 decks of cards.
This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.
We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS. ."Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time."
The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved
These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.
These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.
What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!
All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.
The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.
The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.
Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. It will provide the most protection for your investment. It is made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is black velour with space for 500 chips 2 decks of cards and 3 buttons. The handles are are securely riveted for long lasting use.
This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.
We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS and 3 BUTTONS - dealer big blind and little blind "Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time."
The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved
These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.
These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.
What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!
All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.
The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.
The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.
This set includes a beautiful OAK chip carrying case holds 500 casino chips. There are five individual 100 chip trays that are removable from the master case. The interior is also lined with felt.
The hardware is made of solid brass. The handle is also produced from OAK.
We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS. "Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time."
The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved
These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.
These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.
What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!
All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.
The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.
The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.
Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. This chip case will offer you the most protection for your investment and feature the best look. It is produced from the finest aircraft aluminum and reinforced throughout and yet it is lightweight. The interior is black felt with space for 650 chips and 2 decks of cards and features a space for your holdem dealer button.
This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.
We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS and a Dealer Button. "Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time."
The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved
These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
This beautiful OAK chip carrying case holds 100 casino chips.
The hardware is made of solid brass.
The inside of the case is lined with green colored felt.
This is a very nice case and well worth the money.
This case also comes with 2 decks of brand new standard playing cards plus 5 poker dice that are marked with a 9 10 Jack Queen King & Ace. Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time
These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 9 grams in weight and a great for any gaming arena. You can choose from 10 different colors.
This case is very popular as a gift set for groups such as Wedding Parties and Corporate Events!
These 1000 Casino Clay Composite Poker Chips with ALUMINUM carrying case are great for any party.
These are the real thing a 9-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot you will know by the sound you have a quality chip. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.
Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. It will provide the most protection for your investment. It is made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is black felt with space for 1000 chips. The handles are securely riveted for long lasting use.
This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.
The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
These 200 Casino Clay Composite Poker Chips with carrying case are great for any party.
These are the real thing a 9-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot they give the sound of quality chips. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.
This handy chip case has the durability of an aluminum chip case and includes a clear scratch-resistant plexiglass cover to easily view the contents of the case. The case is produced from the finest aircraft aluminum and reinforced throughout and yet it is lightweight. The interior is green felt with space for 200 chips 5 dice and 2 decks of cards. Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time
This is a chip case that will last a lifetime.
The color and quantity shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
These 300 Casino Clay Composite Poker Chips with carrying case are great for any party.
These are the real thing a 9-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot they give the sound of quality chips. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.
Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. It will provide the most protection for your investment. It is made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is green velour with space for 300 chips 2 decks of cards and 5 dice. Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time. The handles are are securely riveted for long lasting use.
The color and quantity shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
These are the real thing a 9-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot they give the sound of quality chips. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.
This set includes a beautiful OAK chip carrying case holds 300 casino chips. There are three individual 100 chip trays that are removeable from the master case. The interior is also lined with felt. 2 Decks of cards are included with this set. Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time
The hardware is made of solid brass. The handle is also produced from OAK.
These 400 Casino Clay Composite Poker Chips with ALUMINUM carrying case are great for any party.
These are the real thing a 9-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot you will know by the sound you have a quality chip. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.
Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. It will provide the most protection for your investment. It is made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is black felt with space for 400 chips and 2 decks of cards. The handles are are securely riveted for long lasting use.
This is a chip case that will last a lifetime.
We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS. Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time
The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
These 500 Casino Clay Composite Poker Chips with ALUMINUM carrying case are great for any party.
These are the real thing a 8-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot you will know by the sound you have a quality chip. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.
Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. It will provide the most protection for your investment. It is made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is black velour with space for 500 chips 2 decks of cards and 3 buttons. The handles are are securely riveted for long lasting use.
This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.
We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS AND 3 BUTTONS - DEALER BIG BLIND AND LITTLE BLIND.
Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any timeThe color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
These 650 Casino Clay Composite Poker Chips with ALUMINUM carrying case are great for any party.
These are the real thing a 9-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot you will know by the sound you have a quality chip. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.
Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. This chip case will offer you the most protection for your investment and feature the best look. It is produced from the finest aircraft aluminum and reinforced throughout and yet it is lightweight. The interior is black felt with space for 650 chips and 2 decks of cards and features a space for your holdem dealer button..
This is a chip case that will last a lifetime.
We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS as well as a Dealer Button. Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time
The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
Lucky Crown Design Chips are the latest edition to our vast Poker Chip Collection. These chips are hot-stampable ready to meet your specific demands for denomination impressions.
With 3 crowns embedded in the edge spots along the chip's outer rim these chips are available in your choice of 5 different colors. Three combinations of dice are also embedded around the chip adding to its decorative flair.
These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.
The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.
And as used in casinos all over the world this handy 1000 chip carrying case makes it easy to transport chips all over your casino or gaming room and allows for fast and easy chip access during those crucial gaming moments.
Constructed of thick durable clear acrylic this sturdy reinforced case will hold 10 chip trays neatly stacked for a total of 1000 poker chips. The top easily slides off and a comfortable handle makes it easy to carry and move around. The dimensions are roughly 10"L x 8 "W x 13 "H.
The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved
These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
War is the reciprocal and violent application
of force between hostile political entities aimed at
bringing about a desired political end-state via armed
conflict. In his seminal work,
On War,
Carl Von Clausewitz calls war the "continuation of
political intercourse, carried on with other means."[1]
War is an interaction in which two or more militaries
have a “struggle of wills”.[2]
When qualified as a
civil war, it is a dispute inherent to a given
society, and its nature is in the conflict over modes of
governance rather than
sovereignty. War is not considered to be the same as
mere
occupation,
murder or
genocide because of the reciprocal nature of the
violent struggle, and the
organized nature of the units involved.
War is also a cultural entity, and its practice is
not linked to any single type of political organisation
or society. Rather, as discussed by
John Keegan in his “History Of Warfare”, war is a
universal phenomenon whose form and scope is defined by
the society that wages it.
[3]
The conduct of war extends along a continuum, from the
almost universal
tribal warfare that began well before recorded human
history, to wars between
city states,
nations, or
empires. A group of combatants and their support is
called an
army on land, a
navy at sea, and
air force in the air. Wars may be prosecuted
simultaneously in one or more different
theatres. Within each theatre, there may be one or
more consecutive
military campaigns. A military campaign includes not
only fighting but also intelligence, troop movements,
supplies,
propaganda, and other components. Continuous
conflict is traditionally called a
battle, although this terminology is not always fed
to conflicts involving aircraft, missiles or bombs
alone, in the absence of ground troops or naval forces.
War is not limited to the
human species, as
ants engage in massive intra-species conflicts which
might be termed warfare. It is theorized that other
species also engage in similar behavior, although this
is not well documented.
[4][5][6]
Some believe war has always been with us; others
stress the lack of clear evidence that war is not in our
prehistoric past, and the fact that many peaceful,
non-military societies have and still do exist.
Originally, war likely consisted of small-scale raiding.
Since the rise of the state some 5000 years ago,
military activity has occurred over much of the globe.
The advent of gunpowder and the acceleration of
technological advances led to modern warfare.
Since the close of the
Vietnam War, the ideas expounded by the Prussian
military theorist Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831) have
come to thoroughly permeate American military writing,
doctrinal, theoretical, and historical. His book
On War, first published (as
Vom Kriege) in 1832, was adopted as a key
text at the Naval War College in 1976, the Air War
College in 1978, the Army War College in 1981. It has
always been central at the U.S. Army's School for
Advanced Military Studies at Leavenworth (founded in
1983). The U.S. Marine Corps's brilliant little
philosophical field manual
FMFM 1: Warfighting (1989) is essentially a
distillation of On War, and the newer Marine
Corps Doctrinal Publications (MCDPs,
c.1997) are equally reflective of Clausewitz's basic
concepts.*1
This is not the first time Clausewitz has been in
fashion. Indeed, On War has been the bible of
many thoughtful soldiers ever since Field Marshal
Helmuth von Moltke attributed to its guidance his
stunning victories in the wars of German unification
(1864, 1866, 1870-71). Nor is it the first time that
individual American soldiers and military
thinkers have been attracted by his ideas: George
Patton, Albert Wedemeyer, and—especially—Dwight
Eisenhower were intensely interested in what he had to
say.
It is, however, the first time that the American
armed forces as institutions have turned to
Clausewitz. While the philosopher had insisted that war
was "simply the expression of politics by other means,"
the traditional attitude of American soldiers had been
that "politics and strategy are radically and
fundamentally things apart. Strategy begins where
politics end. All that soldiers ask is that once the
policy is settled, strategy and command shall be
regarded as being in a sphere apart from politics."*2
The sudden acceptability of Clausewitz in the wake of
Vietnam is not difficult to account for, for among the
major military theorists only Clausewitz seriously
struggled with the sort of dilemma that American
military leaders faced in the aftermath of their defeat.
Clearly, in what had come to be called in scathing terms
a "political war," the political and military components
of the American war effort had come unstuck. It ran
against the grain of America's military men to criticize
elected civilian leaders, but it was just as difficult
to take the blame upon themselves. Clausewitz's analysis
could not have been more relevant:
The more powerful and inspiring the motives for
war,... the more closely will the military aims and
the political objects of war coincide, and the more
military and less political will war appear to be.
On the other hand, the less intense the motives, the
less will the military element's natural tendency to
violence coincide with political directives. As a
result, war will be driven further from its natural
course, the political object will be more and more
at variance with the aim of ideal war, and the
conflict will seem increasingly political in
character.*3
When people talk, as they often do, about
harmful political influence on the management of
war, they are not really saying what they mean.
Their quarrel should be with the policy itself, not
with its influence.
Vom Kriege (IPA: [fɔm
ˈkʁiːgə]) is a book on
war and
military strategy by
Prussian general
Carl von Clausewitz, written mostly after the
Napoleonic wars, between 1816 and 1830, and
published posthumously by his wife in 1832. It has been
translated into
English several times as On War. On
War is actually an unfinished work; Clausewitz had
set about revising his accumulated manuscripts in 1827,
but did not live to finish the task. His wife eventually
compiled all the work and the final two chapters
Clausewitz never finished.
On War is one of the first books on modern
military strategy. This is mainly due to Clausewitz'
integration of politics and social and economic issues
as some of the most important factors in deciding the
outcomes of a war. It is one of the most important
treatises on strategy ever written, and is prescribed at
various
military academies to this day.
Carl von Clausewitz was a
Prussian officer among those baffled by how the
armies of the
French Revolution and
Napoleon had changed the nature of war through their
ability to motivate the populace and thus unleash war on
a greater scale than had previously been the case in
Europe. Clausewitz was well educated and had a strong
interest in art, science, and education, but he was a
professional soldier who spent a considerable part of
his life fighting against Napoleon. There is no doubt
that the insights he gained from his experiences,
combined with a solid grasp of European history,
provided much of the raw material for the book. On
War represents the compilation of his most cogent
observations.
Note: Clausewitz states that Napoleon's tactics were
not revolutionary at all and that Napoleonic Warfare did
not change anything greatly in military history. The
technology of weaponry for the most part remained
static, and new strategies weren't developed, but rather
Napoleon refurbished old ones, mixing them into one
grand strategy.
The book contains a wealth of historical examples
used to illustrate its various concepts.
Frederick II of Prussia (the Great) figures
prominently for having made very efficient use of the
limited forces at his disposal.
Napoleon also is a central figure.
Among many strands of thought, three stand out as
essential to Clausewitz' concept:
War must never be seen as a purpose to itself,
but as a means of physically forcing one's will on
an opponent ("War is not merely a political act, but
also a real political instrument, a continuation of
political commerce, a carrying out of the same by
other means."[1]).
The military objectives in war that support
one's political objectives fall into two broad
types: "war to achieve limited aims" and war to
"disarm” the enemy: “to render [him] politically
helpless or militarily impotent."
The course of war will tend to favor the party
employing more force and resources (a notion
extended by Germany's leaders in World War One into
"total war"—the pursuit of complete military victory
regardless of the political consequences).
Military strategy is a
national defence policy implemented by
military organisations to pursue desired
strategic goals.[1]
Derived from the
Greek
strategos, strategy when it appeared in use
during the 18th century[2],
was seen in its narrow sense as the "art of the
general"[3],
'the art of arrangement' of troops.[4]
Military strategy deals with the planning and conduct of
campaigns, the movement and disposition of forces, and
the
deception of the
enemy. The father of modern strategic study,
Carl von Clausewitz, defined military strategy as
"the employment of battles to gain the end of war."
Liddell Hart's definition put less emphasis on
battles, defining strategy as "the art of distributing
and applying military means to fulfil the ends of
policy" Hence, both gave the pre-eminence to political
aims over military goals, ensuring
civilian control of the military.
"You must not fight too often with one enemy,
or you will teach him all your art of war." –
Napoleon Bonaparte
Military strategy is the plan and execution of
the contest between very large groups of armed
adversaries. It involves each opponent's diplomatic,
informational, military, and economic resources wielded
against the other's resources to gain supremacy or
reduce the opponent's will to fight. It is a principle
tool to secure the
national interest. A contemporary military strategy
is developed via
military science.
[5]
It is as old as
society itself. It is a subdiscipline of
warfare and of
foreign policy. In comparison,
grand strategy is that strategy of the largest of
organizations which are currently the
nation state,
confederation, or international
alliances. Military strategy has its origins before
the
Battle of the Ten Kings and will endure through the
space age. It is larger in perspective than
military tactics which is the disposition and
maneuver of units on a particular sea or battlefield.[6]
Military strategy in the 19th century was still
viewed as one of a trivium of "arts" or "sciences" that
govern the conduct of warfare; the others being
tactics, the execution of plans and manœuvering of
forces in battle, and
logistics, the maintenance of an army. The view had
prevailed since the Roman times, and the borderline
between strategy and tactics at this time was blurred,
and sometimes categorization of a decision is a matter
of almost personal opinion.
Carnot, during the
French Revolutionary Wars thought it simply involved
concentration of troops.[7]
The Battle of Siffin, illustration from a
19th century manuscript by
Muhammad Rafi Bazil.
Strategy and
tactics are closely related and exist on the same
continuum.
