THE MOST BEAUTIFUL AND SEXIEST ALL NATURAL MODELS IN THE WORLD from PERFECT 10 Magazine! "PERFECT 10 Magazine" is a popular gentlemen's magazine featuring beautiful all natural models.
The poker chips have images of 50 models featuring celebrities like Marisa Miller Jenna Jameson Irina Voronina Veronika Zemonova Anita Blond and many more! The "PERFECT 10 Magazine" playing card deck features 54 PERFECT 10 cover and calendar images. The "Best of PERFECT 10" playing card deck features 54 all natural models from the pages of PERFECT 10 Magazine. That's a total of 158 images in each set!
This new amazing poker chip set includes the following items:
300 pcs 11.5gm Clay Filled Poker Chips containing pictures of 50 Perfect 10 Models. (Color Combination: 100 White 100 Red 50 Green 50 Black)
Heavy duty silver executive case with reinforced structure heavy duty hinges and sponge lining for ultimate chip protection
2 Premium Casino-Quality Plastic Playing Card Decks (PERFECT 10 Magazine AND The Best Of PERFECT 10)
5 Casino-Style Dice
Professional Dealer Button
Be one of the first to own and enjoy playing poker the Perfect 10 way!
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL AND SEXIEST ALL NATURAL MODELS IN THE WORLD from PERFECT 10 Magazine! "PERFECT 10 Magazine" is a popular gentlemen's magazine featuring beautiful all natural models.
The poker chips have images of 50 models featuring celebrities like Marisa Miller Jenna Jameson Irina Voronina Veronika Zemonova Anita Blond and many more! The "PERFECT 10 Magazine" playing card deck features 54 PERFECT 10 cover and calendar images. The "Best of PERFECT 10" playing card deck features 54 all natural models from the pages of PERFECT 10 Magazine. That's a total of 158 images in each set!
This new amazing poker chip set includes the following items:
500 pcs 11.5gm Clay Filled Poker Chips containing pictures of 50 Perfect 10 Models. (Color Combination: 150 White 150 Red 100 Blue 50 Green 50 Black)
Heavy duty silver executive case with reinforced structure heavy duty hinges and sponge lining for ultimate chip protection
2 Premium Casino-Quality Plastic Playing Card Decks (PERFECT 10 Magazine AND The Best Of PERFECT 10)
5 Casino-Style Dice
Dealer Button
Be one of the first to own and enjoy playing poker the Perfect 10 way!
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL AND SEXIEST ALL NATURAL MODELS IN THE WORLD from PERFECT 10 Magazine! "PERFECT 10 Magazine" is a popular gentlemen's magazine featuring beautiful all natural models.
Two Premium Casino-Quality Plastic Playing Card Decks (PERFECT 10 Magazine AND The Best Of PERFECT 10)
The "PERFECT 10 Magazine" playing card decks feature 54 PERFECT 10 cover and calendar images. The "Best of PERFECT 10" playing card deck features 54 all natural models from the pages of PERFECT 10 Magazine. That's a total of 158 images in each set!
Have you ever dreamed of bluffing your opponents to victory?
Phil Hellmuth's Million Dollar Secrets to Bluffing and Tells will jump-start your ability to master the game of poker in virtually no time at all! This amazing video features dozens of Million Dollar Secrets!
Get Ready to Learn:
Bluffing Your Way Into Huge Pots
Reading Your Opponent Like a Book
Trapping Your Opponents When You Have a Strong Hand
Winning Even If your Hand is Weak
Knowing When and How to Bluff
Sensing Your Opponent's Weaknesses and Strengths
Much More!
Who is Phil Hellmuth Jr.?
1989 World Champion of Poker (World Series of Poker)
#1 with Nine World Championships of Poker (9 World Series of Poker titles-two of them in 2003)
First place in the World Series of Poker all time money list with over $3524000 in earnings
1995 Hall of Fame Big One Champion
2000 European Champion-Poker EM the World's Biggest Seven-Card Stud event in Vienna at Casinos Austria
#1 with 4 Hall of Fame Poker titles
Winning three World Series of Poker titles and one second in 1993 is considered the best feat in the history of poker
Late Night Poker III Champion
Won the Bicycle Clubs Championship event in 1988
Winner of over 30 titles in poker tournaments all over the world
The youngest World Champion of poker winner at 24 year old
Voted "The Best All Around Poker Tournament Player in the World" in 1996 by his peers in the only poll of its kind ever taken
Phil Hellmuth Jr. eats drinks lives and breathes poker! He knows his stuff!
Complete your Phil Hellmuth DVD collection with Million Dollar Poker System Million Dollar Tournament Strategies and Million Dollar Online Poker Secrets.
In Play Poker Like the Pros poker master Phil Hellmuth Jr. demonstrates exactly how to play and win -- even if you have never picked up a deck of cards -- the modern games of poker including: Texas Hold'em Omaha Seven-Card Stud and Razz.
Phil Hellmuth Jr. a seven-time World Champion of Poker presents his tournament-tested strategies to beat any type of player including:
- The Jackal (crazy and unpredictable)
- The Elephant (plays too many hands)
- The Mouse (plays very conservatively)
- The Lion (skilled and tough to beat)
Play Poker Like the Pros begins by laying out the rules and set-up of each game and then moves on to easy-to-follow basic and advanced strategies. Hellmuth teaches exactly which hands to play when to bluff when to raise and when to fold. In addition Hellmuth provides techniques for reading other players and staying cool under pressure. What's unique here is the breadth of coverage focusing not only on traditional table play but also on online gaming at which many high-end players now prosper. A must for any gaming collection.
Who is Phil Hellmuth Jr.?
1989 World Champion of Poker (World Series of Poker)
#1 with Nine World Championships of Poker (9 World Series of Poker titles-two of them in 2003)
First place in the World Series of Poker all time money list with over $3524000 in earnings
1995 Hall of Fame Big One Champion
2000 European Champion-Poker EM the World's Biggest Seven-Card Stud event in Vienna at Casinos Austria
#1 with 4 Hall of Fame Poker titles
Winning three World Series of Poker titles and one second in 1993 is considered the best feat in the history of poker
Late Night Poker III Champion
Won the Bicycle Clubs Championship event in 1988
Winner of over 30 titles in poker tournaments all over the world
The youngest World Champion of poker winner at 24 year old
Voted "The Best All Around Poker Tournament Player in the World" in 1996 by his peers in the only poll of its kind ever taken
Phil Hellmuth Jr. eats drinks lives and breathes poker! He knows his stuff!
Complete your Phil Hellmuth collection with Million Dollar Poker System Million Dollar Secrets to Bluffing and Tells and Million Dollar Tournament Strategies.
Poker card covers are fast becoming the next hot collectible since playing poker namely Texas Hold'Em Poker is the fastest growing past time in America today. And poker professionals love them!
Card covers protect your hand from accidental exposure fouling or folding. Some people use coins some use a unique object. But these mini statuettes are one-of-a-kind and exclusively available here. And they are used by the players themselves in major tournaments across the country! Watch for them on TV.
This card cover features the likeness of Phil Hellmuth Jr. "The Poker Brat." Each cover is exquisitely hand painted showing tremendous detail down to the color of his playing cards! And each of these card covers come with their own colorful and classy retail-ready box along with a brief bio of each player on the back of the box.
Never accidentally expose or fold your hand again!
Have you ever dreamed of becoming a professional poker player?
With Phil Hellmuth's Million Dollar Poker System you can finally turn that dream into a reality! This incredible jam-packed video features Phil's never-before-seen Million Dollar Secrets that will change your game literally over night!
Phil Hellmuth's Million Dollar Secrets to Bluffing and Tells will jump-start your ability to master the game of poker in virtually no time at all! This amazing video features dozens of Million Dollar Secrets!
Nine time World Champion Phil Hellmuth Jr. has won more money playing poker tournaments than anyone in the world! Phil Hellmuth's Million Dollar Tournament Strategies will show you step-by-step what it takes for YOU to become a champion! These great Million Dollar Secrets have never been shared with the public UNTIL NOW! With Phil's Million Dollar Tournament Strategies you'll learn everything you need to know about tournament play from A to Z!
Learn how the pros are making millions of dollars playing poker outside of big money tournaments. Win big without ever having to leave your house! Phil Hellmuth Jr. will show you everything you need to know with Million Dollar Online Poker Secrets. Become a winning poker player over the internet! All the information you'll ever need is contained right here on this amazing breakthrough video!
Get Ready to Learn:
Strategy
Pot Odds
When to Hold'Em
When to Fold'Em
Phil's Top Ten Hands
Phil's Majority Play Hands
Poker Psychology
Bluffing Your Way Into Huge Pots
Reading Your Opponent Like a Book
Trapping Your Opponents When You Have a Strong Hand
Winning Even If your Hand is Weak
Knowing When and How to Bluff
Sensing Your Opponent's Weaknesses and Strengths
Entering a Tournament
Building a Chip Lead During the First Few Hours of Play
Making It to the Final Table
Building Your Stack by "Stealing" the Blinds
Defending Yourself Against the World Champion Players
Winning If You are Low on Chips
Maintaining Your Chip Leads
Bluffing and Tells
Tournament Strategies
Final Table Strategies
What Internet Sites to Play
Online Pot Odds
Online Bluffs and Tells
Gaining Special "Inside" Information About Your Opponents
Playing Multiple Games at Once
Winning Online Tournaments
Winning Online Cash Games
Secret Tips and Never-Before-Seen Strategies
Much Much More!
Who is Phil Hellmuth Jr.?
1989 World Champion of Poker (World Series of Poker)
#1 with Nine World Championships of Poker (9 World Series of Poker titles-two of them in 2003)
First place in the World Series of Poker all time money list with over $3524000 in earnings
1995 Hall of Fame Big One Champion
2000 European Champion-Poker EM the World's Biggest Seven-Card Stud event in Vienna at Casinos Austria
#1 with 4 Hall of Fame Poker titles
Winning three World Series of Poker titles and one second in 1993 is considered the best feat in the history of poker
Late Night Poker III Champion
Won the Bicycle Clubs Championship event in 1988
Winner of over 30 titles in poker tournaments all over the world
The youngest World Champion of poker winner at 24 year old
Voted "The Best All Around Poker Tournament Player in the World" in 1996 by his peers in the only poll of its kind ever taken
Phil Hellmuth Jr. eats drinks lives and breathes poker! He knows his stuff!
Phil Hellmuth Jr. is perhaps the most successful professional poker player who ever lived. Holder of numerous titles including 9 World Series of Poker Championships he continues to dominate the professional poker circuit around the world. Author of several best-selling books on poker strategy host of many DVD videos on various topics in poker and regular contributing columnist to Card Player Magazine Phil Hellmuth Jr. is one of today's leading authorities if not THE authority on the subject of poker.
This stylish decorative plaque celebrates his triumph in the poker world. Measuring 14.5 x 12.5 inches the plaque's frame is polished wood with a matte black finish. Two professionally-cut mat boards frame the items within the plaque including an authographed picture of Phil in action an engraved brushed metal title plate commemorating one of Phil's many astonishing achievements a pair of 9's (Phil's favorite pocket cards) and two very limited edition poker chips.
The black chip is a 10g clay composite photo-embedded chip with Phil's likeness in a unique and exclusive design. You will not find this chip anywhere else! The second is a poker chip "retired" from action in the famous Horseshoe Casino in Las Vegas. It is an authentic Paulson clay chip with 3 different colored edge spots a signature casino design.
Lastly each plaque has a small holographic numbered label affixed in the corner of Phil's photo ensuring individuality and authenticity. Quantities are very limited on this plaque. These will not last!
This 23 x 35 inch full color poster lists is a great addition to any room. This unframed heavy glossy stock poster is a study in black & white of one of the poker greats. Phil Hellmuth Jr. is perhaps the most successful professional poker player who ever lived. Holder of numerous titles including 9 World Series of Poker Championships he continues to dominate the professional poker circuit around the world. Author of several best-selling books on poker strategy host of many DVD videos on various topics in poker and regular contributing columnist to Card Player Magazine Phil Hellmuth Jr. is one of today's leading authorities if not THE authority on the subject of poker.
Have you ever dreamed of becoming an online poker super star?
Learn how the pros are making millions of dollars playing poker outside of big money tournaments. Win big without ever having to leave your house! Nine time world champion Phil Hellmuth Jr. will show you everything you need to know with Million Dollar Online Poker Secrets. Become a winning poker player over the internet! All the information you'll ever need is contained right here on this amazing breakthrough video!
Get Ready to Learn:
What Sites to Play
Online Pot Odds
Online Bluffs and Tells
Gaining Special "Inside" Information About Your Opponents
Playing Multiple Games at Once
Winning Online Tournaments
Winning Online Cash Games
Secret Tips and Never-Before-Seen Strategies
Much More!
Who is Phil Hellmuth Jr.?
1989 World Champion of Poker (World Series of Poker)
#1 with Nine World Championships of Poker (9 World Series of Poker titles-two of them in 2003)
First place in the World Series of Poker all time money list with over $3524000 in earnings
1995 Hall of Fame Big One Champion
2000 European Champion-Poker EM the World's Biggest Seven-Card Stud event in Vienna at Casinos Austria
#1 with 4 Hall of Fame Poker titles
Winning three World Series of Poker titles and one second in 1993 is considered the best feat in the history of poker
Late Night Poker III Champion
Won the Bicycle Clubs Championship event in 1988
Winner of over 30 titles in poker tournaments all over the world
The youngest World Champion of poker winner at 24 year old
Voted "The Best All Around Poker Tournament Player in the World" in 1996 by his peers in the only poll of its kind ever taken
Phil Hellmuth Jr. eats drinks lives and breathes poker! He knows his stuff!
Complete your Phil Hellmuth DVD collection with Million Dollar Poker System Million Dollar Secrets to Bluffing and Tells and Million Dollar Tournament Strategies.
Have you ever dreamed of becoming a professional poker player?
With Phil Hellmuth's Million Dollar Poker System you can finally turn that dream into a reality! This incredible jam-packed video features Phil's never-before-seen Million Dollar Secrets that will change your game literally over night!
Get Ready to Learn:
Strategy
Pot Odds
When to Hold'Em
When to Fold'Em
Phil's Top Ten Hands
Phil's Majority Play Hands
Poker Psychology
Much More!
Who is Phil Hellmuth Jr.?
1989 World Champion of Poker (World Series of Poker)
#1 with Nine World Championships of Poker (9 World Series of Poker titles-two of them in 2003)
First place in the World Series of Poker all time money list with over $3524000 in earnings
1995 Hall of Fame Big One Champion
2000 European Champion-Poker EM the World's Biggest Seven-Card Stud event in Vienna at Casinos Austria
#1 with 4 Hall of Fame Poker titles
Winning three World Series of Poker titles and one second in 1993 is considered the best feat in the history of poker
Late Night Poker III Champion
Won the Bicycle Clubs Championship event in 1988
Winner of over 30 titles in poker tournaments all over the world
The youngest World Champion of poker winner at 24 year old
Voted "The Best All Around Poker Tournament Player in the World" in 1996 by his peers in the only poll of its kind ever taken
Phil Hellmuth Jr. eats drinks lives and breathes poker! He knows his stuff!
Complete your Phil Hellmuth DVD collection with Million Dollar Secrets to Bluffing and Tells Million Dollar Tournament Strategies and Million Dollar Online Poker Secrets.
Have you ever dreamed of becoming a poker champion?
Nine time World Champion Phil Hellmuth Jr. has won more money playing poker tournaments than anyone in the world! Now for the first time ever Phil Hellmuth's Million Dollar Tournament Strategies will show you step-by-step what it takes to become a champion! These great Million Dollar Secrets have never been shared with the public UNTIL NOW! With Phil's Million Dollar Tournament Strategies you'll learn everything you need to know about tournament play from A to Z!
Get Ready to Learn:
Entering a Tournament
Building a Chip Lead During the First Few Hours of Play
Making It to the Final Table
Building Your Stack by "Stealing" the Blinds
Defending Yourself Against the World Champion Players
Winning If You are Low on Chips
Maintaining Your Chip Leads
Bluffing and Tells
Tournament Strategies
Final Table Strategies
Much More!
Who is Phil Hellmuth Jr.?
1989 World Champion of Poker (World Series of Poker)
#1 with Nine World Championships of Poker (9 World Series of Poker titles-two of them in 2003)
First place in the World Series of Poker all time money list with over $3524000 in earnings
1995 Hall of Fame Big One Champion
2000 European Champion-Poker EM the World's Biggest Seven-Card Stud event in Vienna at Casinos Austria
#1 with 4 Hall of Fame Poker titles
Winning three World Series of Poker titles and one second in 1993 is considered the best feat in the history of poker
Late Night Poker III Champion
Won the Bicycle Clubs Championship event in 1988
Winner of over 30 titles in poker tournaments all over the world
The youngest World Champion of poker winner at 24 year old
Voted "The Best All Around Poker Tournament Player in the World" in 1996 by his peers in the only poll of its kind ever taken
Phil Hellmuth Jr. eats drinks lives and breathes poker! He knows his stuff!
Complete your Phil Hellmuth DVD collection with Million Dollar Poker System Million Dollar Secrets to Bluffing and Tells and Million Dollar Online Poker Secrets.
These brand-new 100% all plastic playing cards are of exceptional quality. They are good for poker or any other standard card game. They are also available as red deck (item number 10-PLASTIC1R) or as a set (item number 10-PLASTIC1)
The measure approximately 3 7/16 in. X 2 1/4 in. in size. They are also available with a cross pattern on them ( see products 10-PLASTIC2 10-PLASTIC2B 10-PLASTIC2R)
Price: 2.67
These brand-new 100% all plastic playing cards are of exceptional quality. They are good for poker or any other standard card game and come as a pair one red deck and one blue. They are also available as blue deck (item number 10-PLASTIC1B) or as a set (item number 10-PLASTIC1)
The measure approximately 3 7/16 in. X 2 1/4 in. in size. They are also available with a cross pattern on them ( see products 10-PLASTIC2 10-PLASTIC2B 10-PLASTIC2R)
Price: 2.67
These brand-new 100% all plastic playing cards are of exceptional quality. They are good for poker or any other standard card game and come as a pair one red deck and one blue. They are also available individually: blue deck (item number 10-PLASTIC2B) red deck (item number 10-PLASTIC2R)
The measure approximately 3 7/16 in. X 2 1/4 in. in size. They are also available with a star pattern on them ( see products 10-PLASTIC1 10-PLASTIC1B 10-PLASTIC1R)
Price: 5.21
These brand-new 100% all plastic playing cards are of exceptional quality. They are good for poker or any other standard card game. They are also available as a red deck (item number 10-PLASTIC2R) or as a set(item number 10-PLASTIC2)
The measure approximately 3 7/16 in. X 2 1/4 in. in size. They are also available with a star pattern on them ( see products 10-PLASTIC1 10-PLASTIC1B 10-PLASTIC1R)
Price: 2.61
These brand-new 100% all plastic playing cards are of exceptional quality. They are good for poker or any other standard card game. They are also available as a blue deck (item number 10-PLASTIC2B) or as a set(item number 10-PLASTIC2) The measure approximately 3 7/16 in. X 2 1/4 in. in size. They are also available with a star pattern on them ( see products 10-PLASTIC1 10-PLASTIC1B 10-PLASTIC1R)
Price: 2.61
Poker card covers are fast becoming the next hot collectible since playing poker namely Texas Hold'Em Poker is the fastest growing past time in America today. And poker professionals love them!
Card covers protect your hand from accidental exposure fouling or folding. Some people use coins some use a unique object. But these mini statuettes are one-of-a-kind and exclusively available here. And they are used by the players themselves in major tournaments across the country! Watch for them on TV.
This card cover features the likeness of Phil Laak "The Unabomber." Each cover is exquisitely hand painted showing tremendous detail down to the color of his eyebrows! And each of these card covers come with their own colorful and classy retail-ready box along with a brief bio of each player on the back of the box.
Never accidentally expose or fold your hand again!
War is the reciprocal and violent application
of force between hostile political entities aimed at
bringing about a desired political end-state via armed
conflict. In his seminal work,
On War,
Carl Von Clausewitz calls war the "continuation of
political intercourse, carried on with other means."[1]
War is an interaction in which two or more militaries
have a “struggle of wills”.[2]
When qualified as a
civil war, it is a dispute inherent to a given
society, and its nature is in the conflict over modes of
governance rather than
sovereignty. War is not considered to be the same as
mere
occupation,
murder or
genocide because of the reciprocal nature of the
violent struggle, and the
organized nature of the units involved.
War is also a cultural entity, and its practice is
not linked to any single type of political organisation
or society. Rather, as discussed by
John Keegan in his “History Of Warfare”, war is a
universal phenomenon whose form and scope is defined by
the society that wages it.
[3]
The conduct of war extends along a continuum, from the
almost universal
tribal warfare that began well before recorded human
history, to wars between
city states,
nations, or
empires. A group of combatants and their support is
called an
army on land, a
navy at sea, and
air force in the air. Wars may be prosecuted
simultaneously in one or more different
theatres. Within each theatre, there may be one or
more consecutive
military campaigns. A military campaign includes not
only fighting but also intelligence, troop movements,
supplies,
propaganda, and other components. Continuous
conflict is traditionally called a
battle, although this terminology is not always fed
to conflicts involving aircraft, missiles or bombs
alone, in the absence of ground troops or naval forces.
War is not limited to the
human species, as
ants engage in massive intra-species conflicts which
might be termed warfare. It is theorized that other
species also engage in similar behavior, although this
is not well documented.
[4][5][6]
Some believe war has always been with us; others
stress the lack of clear evidence that war is not in our
prehistoric past, and the fact that many peaceful,
non-military societies have and still do exist.
Originally, war likely consisted of small-scale raiding.
Since the rise of the state some 5000 years ago,
military activity has occurred over much of the globe.
The advent of gunpowder and the acceleration of
technological advances led to modern warfare.
Since the close of the
Vietnam War, the ideas expounded by the Prussian
military theorist Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831) have
come to thoroughly permeate American military writing,
doctrinal, theoretical, and historical. His book
On War, first published (as
Vom Kriege) in 1832, was adopted as a key
text at the Naval War College in 1976, the Air War
College in 1978, the Army War College in 1981. It has
always been central at the U.S. Army's School for
Advanced Military Studies at Leavenworth (founded in
1983). The U.S. Marine Corps's brilliant little
philosophical field manual
FMFM 1: Warfighting (1989) is essentially a
distillation of On War, and the newer Marine
Corps Doctrinal Publications (MCDPs,
c.1997) are equally reflective of Clausewitz's basic
concepts.*1
This is not the first time Clausewitz has been in
fashion. Indeed, On War has been the bible of
many thoughtful soldiers ever since Field Marshal
Helmuth von Moltke attributed to its guidance his
stunning victories in the wars of German unification
(1864, 1866, 1870-71). Nor is it the first time that
individual American soldiers and military
thinkers have been attracted by his ideas: George
Patton, Albert Wedemeyer, and—especially—Dwight
Eisenhower were intensely interested in what he had to
say.
It is, however, the first time that the American
armed forces as institutions have turned to
Clausewitz. While the philosopher had insisted that war
was "simply the expression of politics by other means,"
the traditional attitude of American soldiers had been
that "politics and strategy are radically and
fundamentally things apart. Strategy begins where
politics end. All that soldiers ask is that once the
policy is settled, strategy and command shall be
regarded as being in a sphere apart from politics."*2
The sudden acceptability of Clausewitz in the wake of
Vietnam is not difficult to account for, for among the
major military theorists only Clausewitz seriously
struggled with the sort of dilemma that American
military leaders faced in the aftermath of their defeat.
Clearly, in what had come to be called in scathing terms
a "political war," the political and military components
of the American war effort had come unstuck. It ran
against the grain of America's military men to criticize
elected civilian leaders, but it was just as difficult
to take the blame upon themselves. Clausewitz's analysis
could not have been more relevant:
The more powerful and inspiring the motives for
war,... the more closely will the military aims and
the political objects of war coincide, and the more
military and less political will war appear to be.
On the other hand, the less intense the motives, the
less will the military element's natural tendency to
violence coincide with political directives. As a
result, war will be driven further from its natural
course, the political object will be more and more
at variance with the aim of ideal war, and the
conflict will seem increasingly political in
character.*3
When people talk, as they often do, about
harmful political influence on the management of
war, they are not really saying what they mean.
Their quarrel should be with the policy itself, not
with its influence.
Vom Kriege (IPA: [fɔm
ˈkʁiːgə]) is a book on
war and
military strategy by
Prussian general
Carl von Clausewitz, written mostly after the
Napoleonic wars, between 1816 and 1830, and
published posthumously by his wife in 1832. It has been
translated into
English several times as On War. On
War is actually an unfinished work; Clausewitz had
set about revising his accumulated manuscripts in 1827,
but did not live to finish the task. His wife eventually
compiled all the work and the final two chapters
Clausewitz never finished.
On War is one of the first books on modern
military strategy. This is mainly due to Clausewitz'
integration of politics and social and economic issues
as some of the most important factors in deciding the
outcomes of a war. It is one of the most important
treatises on strategy ever written, and is prescribed at
various
military academies to this day.
Carl von Clausewitz was a
Prussian officer among those baffled by how the
armies of the
French Revolution and
Napoleon had changed the nature of war through their
ability to motivate the populace and thus unleash war on
a greater scale than had previously been the case in
Europe. Clausewitz was well educated and had a strong
interest in art, science, and education, but he was a
professional soldier who spent a considerable part of
his life fighting against Napoleon. There is no doubt
that the insights he gained from his experiences,
combined with a solid grasp of European history,
provided much of the raw material for the book. On
War represents the compilation of his most cogent
observations.
Note: Clausewitz states that Napoleon's tactics were
not revolutionary at all and that Napoleonic Warfare did
not change anything greatly in military history. The
technology of weaponry for the most part remained
static, and new strategies weren't developed, but rather
Napoleon refurbished old ones, mixing them into one
grand strategy.
The book contains a wealth of historical examples
used to illustrate its various concepts.
Frederick II of Prussia (the Great) figures
prominently for having made very efficient use of the
limited forces at his disposal.
Napoleon also is a central figure.
Among many strands of thought, three stand out as
essential to Clausewitz' concept:
War must never be seen as a purpose to itself,
but as a means of physically forcing one's will on
an opponent ("War is not merely a political act, but
also a real political instrument, a continuation of
political commerce, a carrying out of the same by
other means."[1]).
The military objectives in war that support
one's political objectives fall into two broad
types: "war to achieve limited aims" and war to
"disarm” the enemy: “to render [him] politically
helpless or militarily impotent."
The course of war will tend to favor the party
employing more force and resources (a notion
extended by Germany's leaders in World War One into
"total war"—the pursuit of complete military victory
regardless of the political consequences).
Military strategy is a
national defence policy implemented by
military organisations to pursue desired
strategic goals.[1]
Derived from the
Greek
strategos, strategy when it appeared in use
during the 18th century[2],
was seen in its narrow sense as the "art of the
general"[3],
'the art of arrangement' of troops.[4]
Military strategy deals with the planning and conduct of
campaigns, the movement and disposition of forces, and
the
deception of the
enemy. The father of modern strategic study,
Carl von Clausewitz, defined military strategy as
"the employment of battles to gain the end of war."
Liddell Hart's definition put less emphasis on
battles, defining strategy as "the art of distributing
and applying military means to fulfil the ends of
policy" Hence, both gave the pre-eminence to political
aims over military goals, ensuring
civilian control of the military.
"You must not fight too often with one enemy,
or you will teach him all your art of war." –
Napoleon Bonaparte
Military strategy is the plan and execution of
the contest between very large groups of armed
adversaries. It involves each opponent's diplomatic,
informational, military, and economic resources wielded
against the other's resources to gain supremacy or
reduce the opponent's will to fight. It is a principle
tool to secure the
national interest. A contemporary military strategy
is developed via
military science.
[5]
It is as old as
society itself. It is a subdiscipline of
warfare and of
foreign policy. In comparison,
grand strategy is that strategy of the largest of
organizations which are currently the
nation state,
confederation, or international
alliances. Military strategy has its origins before
the
Battle of the Ten Kings and will endure through the
space age. It is larger in perspective than
military tactics which is the disposition and
maneuver of units on a particular sea or battlefield.[6]
Military strategy in the 19th century was still
viewed as one of a trivium of "arts" or "sciences" that
govern the conduct of warfare; the others being
tactics, the execution of plans and manœuvering of
forces in battle, and
logistics, the maintenance of an army. The view had
prevailed since the Roman times, and the borderline
between strategy and tactics at this time was blurred,
and sometimes categorization of a decision is a matter
of almost personal opinion.
Carnot, during the
French Revolutionary Wars thought it simply involved
concentration of troops.[7]
The Battle of Siffin, illustration from a
19th century manuscript by
Muhammad Rafi Bazil.
Strategy and
tactics are closely related and exist on the same
continuum.
