Based on models of 17th century swept-hilt rapiers of Germanic ancestry, our Solingen Rapier (SH2205) with matching main gauche (SH2208) is an excellent rendition of the timely originals. The blades are constructed of forged high-carbon steel and are equipped with leather scabbards. The guard has a beautiful design with S-curved quillons to protect the hand and for wrapping the fingers around to increase one�s grip strength. This rapier and the matching main gauche blade produced from CAS/Hanwei are now interchangeable with the �Practical� blades (SH2255, SH2256), which are designed for safety in rapier sparring. Also available are antiqued are versions of the Solingen Rapier (SH2205N) with matching main gauche (SH2208N).
Hanwei quality-made replica sword. King Gustav II Adolf (1594-1632) was monarch of Sweden from 1611-1632. In 1630 as a defensive maneuver, King Gustav II entered the Thirty Years� War to secure the Swedish state and church from danger. An excellent military tactician, Gustav led an army of unusual quality, and his position was strengthened by alliances with France, Brandenburg, and Saxony. At L�tzen in 1632, the Swedes defeated Albrecht W.E. von Wallensteins army, but King Gustav was fatally wounded in battle. The Gustav Rapier (SH2206) and main gauche (SH2209) are reproductions of his originals and are truly fit for a king. The guard of the rapier is quit impressive in design and has two shells to protect the hand. The rapier and main gauche come equipped with forged high-carbon spring steel blades and leather scabbards. This rapier and the matching main gauche blade produced from CAS/Hanwei are now interchangeable with the �Practical� blades (SH2255, SH2256), which are designed for safety in rapier sparring. Also available is the Gustav Rapier in an antiqued version (SH2206N) and matching antiqued main gauche (SH2209N).
Forged high-carbon spring steel blades
Leather scabbards
Excellent Balance Specifications:
Blade length: 36 5/8�
Overall length: 45 ��
Weight: 2lb 5oz
Point of Balance: 5"
Point of Percussion: 28"
Width at Guard: .75"
Width at Tip: .40"
Thickness at Guard: .25"
Thickness at Tip: .10" Specs will vary slightly from piece to piece.
King Gustav II Adolf (1594-1632) was monarch of Sweden from 1611-1632. In 1630 as a defensive maneuver, King Gustav II entered the Thirty Years� War to secure the Swedish state and church from danger. An excellent military tactician, Gustav led an army of unusual quality, and his position was strengthened by alliances with France, Brandenburg, and Saxony. At L�tzen in 1632, the Swedes defeated Albrecht W.E. von Wallensteins army, but King Gustav was fatally wounded in battle. The Gustav Rapier (SH2206) and main gauche (SH2209) are reproductions of his originals and are truly fit for a king. The guard of the rapier is quit impressive in design and has two shells to protect the hand. The rapier and main gauche come equipped with forged high-carbon spring steel blades and leather scabbards. This rapier and the matching main gauche blade produced from CAS/Hanwei are now interchangeable with the �Practical� blades (SH2255, SH2256), which are designed for safety in rapier sparring. Also available is the Gustav Rapier in an antiqued version (SH2206N) and matching antiqued main gauche (SH2209N). Key Features:
Forged high-carbon spring steel blades
Leather scabbards
Excellent Balance Specifications:
Blade length: 36 5/8�
Overall length: 45 ��
Weight: 2lb 5oz
Point of Balance: 5"
Point of Percussion: 28"
Width at Guard: .75"
Width at Tip: .40"
Thickness at Guard: .25"
Thickness at Tip: .10" Specs will vary slightly from piece to piece.
Based on models of 17 th century swept-hilt rapiers of Italian ancestry and combining the better features of several pieces, our Torino Rapier (SH2204) with matching main gauche (SH2207) is sure to become the standard by which all others are measured. The blades are made of forged high-carbon steel and are equipped with black leather scabbards. The guard has an ornate design with straight quillons to protect the hand and for wrapping the fingers around to increase functionality and one�s grip strength. This rapier and the matching main gauche blade produced from CAS/Hanwei are now interchangeable with the �Practical� blades (SH2255, SH2256), which are designed for safety in rapier sparring. Also available are antiqued versions of the Torino Rapier (SH2204N) with matching main gauche.
Based on models of 17 th century swept-hilt rapiers of Italian ancestry and combining the better features of several pieces, our Torino Rapier (SH2204) with matching main gauche (SH2207) is sure to become the standard by which all others are measured. The blades are made of forged high-carbon steel and are equipped with black leather scabbards. The guard has an ornate design with straight quillons to protect the hand and for wrapping the fingers around to increase functionality and one�s grip strength. This rapier and the matching main gauche blade produced from CAS/Hanwei are now interchangeable with the �Practical� blades (SH2255, SH2256), which are designed for safety in rapier sparring. Also available are antiqued versions of the Torino Rapier (SH2204N) with matching main gauche. Features
Based on models of 17th century swept-hilt rapiers of Germanic ancestry, our Solingen Rapier (SH2205) with matching main gauche (SH2208) is an excellent rendition of the timely originals. The blades are constructed of forged high-carbon steel and are equipped with leather scabbards. The guard has a beautiful design with S-curved quillons to protect the hand and for wrapping the fingers around to increase one�s grip strength. This rapier and the matching main gauche blade produced from CAS/Hanwei are now interchangeable with the �Practical� blades (SH2255, SH2256), which are designed for safety in rapier sparring. Also available are antiqued are versions of the Solingen Rapier (SH2205N) with matching main gauche (SH2208N). Features
Based on models of 17th century swept-hilt rapiers of Germanic ancestry, our Solingen Rapier (SH2205) with matching main gauche (SH2208) is an excellent rendition of the timely originals. The blades are constructed of forged high-carbon steel and are equipped with leather scabbards. The guard has a beautiful design with S-curved quillons to protect the hand and for wrapping the fingers around to increase one�s grip strength. This rapier and the matching main gauche blade produced from CAS/Hanwei are now interchangeable with the �Practical� blades (SH2255, SH2256), which are designed for safety in rapier sparring. Also available are antiqued are versions of the Solingen Rapier (SH2205N) with matching main gauche (SH2208N).
King Gustav II Adolf (1594-1632) was monarch of Sweden from 1611-1632. In 1630 as a defensive maneuver, King Gustav II entered the Thirty Years� War to secure the Swedish state and church from danger. An excellent military tactician, Gustav led an army of unusual quality, and his position was strengthened by alliances with France, Brandenburg, and Saxony. At L�tzen in 1632, the Swedes defeated Albrecht W.E. von Wallensteins army, but King Gustav was fatally wounded in battle. The Gustav Rapier (SH2206) and main gauche (SH2209) are reproductions of his originals and are truly fit for a king. The guard of the rapier is quit impressive in design and has two shells to protect the hand. The rapier and main gauche come equipped with forged high-carbon spring steel blades and leather scabbards. This rapier and the matching main gauche blade produced from CAS/Hanwei are now interchangeable with the �Practical� blades (SH2255, SH2256), which are designed for safety in rapier sparring. Also available is the Gustav Rapier in an antiqued version (SH2206N) and matching antiqued main gauche (SH2209N). * Forged high-carbon steel * Leather scabbards
Price: 109.99
King Gustav II Adolf (1594-1632) was monarch of Sweden from 1611-1632. In 1630 as a defensive maneuver, King Gustav II entered the Thirty Years� War to secure the Swedish state and church from danger. An excellent military tactician, Gustav led an army of unusual quality, and his position was strengthened by alliances with France, Brandenburg, and Saxony. At L�tzen in 1632, the Swedes defeated Albrecht W.E. von Wallensteins army, but King Gustav was fatally wounded in battle. The Gustav Rapier (SH2206) and main gauche (SH2209) are reproductions of his originals and are truly fit for a king. The guard of the rapier is quit impressive in design and has two shells to protect the hand. The rapier and main gauche come equipped with forged high-carbon spring steel blades and leather scabbards. This rapier and the matching main gauche blade produced from CAS/Hanwei are now interchangeable with the �Practical� blades (SH2255, SH2256), which are designed for safety in rapier sparring. Also available is the Gustav Rapier in an antiqued version (SH2206N) and matching antiqued main gauche (SH2209N). Features
Named for its originator, the great General Kwan Yu, The Quandao started life as a powerful military weapon weighing over 100 lbs., but has since evolved into a martial arts weapon weighing considerably less (ours is 5 1/2 lbs.). The un-edged high-carbon steel blade has a distal taper for balance and is engraved in a dragon motif with the traditional bell tassel attached to the hook. The wooden staff terminates in a quatrefoil pommel and the blood cup and guard have a distinctive antiqued finish. Lighter and better balanced than most Quandaos on the market, ours is ideal for the martial artist training with this formidable weapon. The stand for the Quandao (OH2290) is crafted in solid oak and displays the weapon beautifully in the vertical position.
Key Features:
Un-edged High Carbon Blade
Wooden Staff
Designed for Martial Artists Specifications:
Blade length: 25
Handle length: 54 1/2
Overall length: 79 1/2
Weight: 5lb 8oz Specs will vary slightly from piece to piece.
The strong and fearless Swiss and Germans originally carried these early weapons, although bastard swords soon became popular in other regions such as the British Isles and Europe. The term bastard undoubtedly comes from the fact that the sword, because of its design, has no legitimate claim to being classified as either a single-handed or two-handed weapon. The two-handed sword was a weapon developed for the use of the foot soldier and had became quite common by the early 1500�s. The combat styles developed for the two-handed sword were the particular specialty of the Northern European Cultures, with the Germanic nations being quite active in its development and use. * Historically accurate * Great for re-enactors MEASUREMENTS: BLADE LENGTH: 38 3/4 inches OVERALL LENGTH: 50 1/8 inches WEIGHT: 2lb 9oz THICKNESS: .210 inches This quality sword is made the the replica sword standard bearer - Hanwei. Hanwei swords are in high demand and it is suggested you order your favorite whenever you find it in stock.
Price: 213.99
The Practical Plus Tanto (SH2259) provides a very economical cutting tanto, but uses more traditional fittings and construction methods. The blade is hand-forged high-carbon steel and differentially tempered using a traditional claying method (HRC 60 edge, HRC 40 spine) with a medium (chu) kissaki. The temper line (hamon) is evident and prominent. The Practical Plus Tanto uses a flat black saya and a black Japanese cotton sageo. The tsuka has genuine ray skin (same) and the tsuka-ito is black synthetic leather for better gripping qualities. The antiqued fittings on this set are decorated in a Japanese dogwood motif with a beautiful antiqued black sunburst tsuba. A great econimcal tanto with fantastic quality. KEY FEATURES: * High Carbon Blade * Economical * Authentic Design MEASUREMENTS: BLADE LENGTH: 11 inches HANDLE LENGTH: 4 1/4 inches OVERALL LENGTH: 16 1/2 inches WEIGHT: 13oz THICKNESS: .230
Price: 172.99
Designed for the rapier fencer with a preference for the cup-hilt style who wishes to spar in saftey, our Practical Cup-hilt Rapier & Main Gauche fit the bill perfectly. The rapier blade is similiar in design to the practical blades for the swept-hilts but the length is adapted for the cup-hilt. The main gauche blade is uniquely styled to maintain the Spainish influence. KEY FEATURES: * Safe Sparring * High-Carbon Flex-Tempered Blade * Matching Set MEASUREMENTS: OVERALL LENGTH: 44 1/2 WEIGHT: 2lbs
Price: 164.99
Designed for the rapier fencer with a preference for the cup-hilt style who wishes to spar in saftey, our Practical Cup-hilt Rapier & Main Gauche fit the bill perfectly. The rapier blade is similiar in design to the practical blades for the swept-hilts but the length is adapted for the cup-hilt. The main gauche blade is uniquely styled to maintain the Spainish influence. KEY FEATURES: * Safe Sparring * High-Carbon Flex-Tempered Blade * Matching Set MEASUREMENTS: OVERALL LENGTH: 18 1/4 inches WEIGHT: 1lb
Price: 90.99
CAS Hanwei now has four exciting versions of the stick sword of Zatoichi, the legendary blind Samurai. The ever-popular black SH1014, with its fully tempered carbon steel blade is now joined by the SH2298, featuring the same blade but with the red lacquered scabbard seen in many of Zatoichi�s screen adventures. The SH2267 features a fully-forged straight Katana blade, housed in a natural hardwood scabbard and handle combination, while the superbly folded blade of the SH2114 makes a welcome return housed in exquisite rosewood.
Price: 179.00
The Practical Shinobi Ninja-to, (SH2268, Black & SH1071, White) whose construction patterns closely that of the Practical Katana, is a wonderful addition for those studying the Way of the Ninja. The blade is made of hand-forged high-carbon steel and is differentially tempered using a traditional claying method. All the fittings (koshirae) are done in antiqued black iron. The ornate tsuba displays the kuji-kiri (energy-channeling hand positions) employed by the mystical ninja. The tsuka is wrapped in a synthetic ray skin (same), available in black (SH2268) or white (SH1071), and the tsuka-ito is done in imitation black leather. The saya has flat black finish with demon-head bindings for the black Japanese cotton sageo and an intricate kojiri on the end of the saya. A sword no practitioner of Ninjutsu should be without. KEY FEATURES: * Hand-forged high-carbon steel * Saya has flat black finish * Ornate tsuba MEASUREMENTS: BLADE LENGTH: 22 3/4 inches HANDLE LENGTH: 10 1/4 inches OVERALL LENGTH: 34 1/2 inches WEIGHT: 1lb 14oz THICKNESS: .280 inches
Price: 227.99
Designed by world-renowned Chinese martial arts master Sifu Adam Hsu, these Chinese straight swords (Jian) are sure to become the standard in the martial arts community. With function and performance in mind during the design, these jian are constructed for martial artists. The blades are made of high-carbon spring steel with a ridgeline going down the center producing an intense audible feedback when swung. The Ming-style guard is a beautifully ornate with an embossed Dragon symbol. sword The pommel is open-ended to allow for a tassel. The handle and scabbard are made of a high-resistance wood-grain polymer for a durable and strong sword. Also, the handle has grooves running down it to increase sensitivity when held. One unique feature is the �duck-bill lock� in the bottom of the scabbard that securely holds the sword in place. Sifu Adam Hsu has done the martial arts community a great service in designing such an affordable and functional sword. EY FEATURES: * High-carbon spring steel * Ming-style guard * High-resistance wood-grain polymer scabbard Hanwei sword replicas are the most sought-after high quality collectible sword on the market today. Begin your replica collection or add to it the the replica market standard!
Price: 159.99
Designed by world-renowned Chinese martial arts master Sifu Adam Hsu, these Chinese straight swords (Jian) are becoming the weapon of choice in the Tai Chi community. Functionality, weight and balance are paramount considerations in Sifu Hsu�s designs, while Hanwei�s quality and workmanship give the swords a graceful and pleasing appearance. The blades are crafted in high-carbon spring steel and have a pronounced center ridge and distal taper, producing exactly the right degree of stiffness and a very audible hiss in the cutting stroke. The Ming-style steel guards have an embossed Dragon symbol, while the open-ended pommels facilitate the fitting of a tassel. The Jians are available with the grips and scabbards made from either fiberglass (Single-hand SH2269A,B,C and D, Double-hand SH2278) for extreme durability or exotic wood (SH2313A,B,C and D) for the traditionalist. A unique feature is the �duck-bill lock� in the bottom of the scabbard that securely holds the sword in place. The single-hand sword is available in four blade sizes SH2269A, SH2313A � 28�, SH2269B, SH2313B � 30�, SH2269C, SH2313C � 32� and SH2269D, SH2313D � 34�. The two-hand Jian (SH2278) features a 36� blade and an 11� grip. With a weight of slightly less than 2 lbs. this long sword handles beautifully. Key Features: * High-carbon spring steel * Ming-style guard * Fiberglass Handle Specifications: Blade length: 34" Handle length: 7" Overall length: 41" Weight: 1lb 10oz Point of Balance: 4" Width at Guard: 1.03" Width at Tip: .70" Thickness at Guard: .32" Thickness at Tip: .15" Specs will vary slightly from piece to piece.
Price: 159.99
War is the reciprocal and violent application
of force between hostile political entities aimed at
bringing about a desired political end-state via armed
conflict. In his seminal work,
On War,
Carl Von Clausewitz calls war the "continuation of
political intercourse, carried on with other means."[1]
War is an interaction in which two or more militaries
have a “struggle of wills”.[2]
When qualified as a
civil war, it is a dispute inherent to a given
society, and its nature is in the conflict over modes of
governance rather than
sovereignty. War is not considered to be the same as
mere
occupation,
murder or
genocide because of the reciprocal nature of the
violent struggle, and the
organized nature of the units involved.
War is also a cultural entity, and its practice is
not linked to any single type of political organisation
or society. Rather, as discussed by
John Keegan in his “History Of Warfare”, war is a
universal phenomenon whose form and scope is defined by
the society that wages it.
[3]
The conduct of war extends along a continuum, from the
almost universal
tribal warfare that began well before recorded human
history, to wars between
city states,
nations, or
empires. A group of combatants and their support is
called an
army on land, a
navy at sea, and
air force in the air. Wars may be prosecuted
simultaneously in one or more different
theatres. Within each theatre, there may be one or
more consecutive
military campaigns. A military campaign includes not
only fighting but also intelligence, troop movements,
supplies,
propaganda, and other components. Continuous
conflict is traditionally called a
battle, although this terminology is not always fed
to conflicts involving aircraft, missiles or bombs
alone, in the absence of ground troops or naval forces.
War is not limited to the
human species, as
ants engage in massive intra-species conflicts which
might be termed warfare. It is theorized that other
species also engage in similar behavior, although this
is not well documented.
[4][5][6]
Some believe war has always been with us; others
stress the lack of clear evidence that war is not in our
prehistoric past, and the fact that many peaceful,
non-military societies have and still do exist.
Originally, war likely consisted of small-scale raiding.
Since the rise of the state some 5000 years ago,
military activity has occurred over much of the globe.
The advent of gunpowder and the acceleration of
technological advances led to modern warfare.
Since the close of the
Vietnam War, the ideas expounded by the Prussian
military theorist Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831) have
come to thoroughly permeate American military writing,
doctrinal, theoretical, and historical. His book
On War, first published (as
Vom Kriege) in 1832, was adopted as a key
text at the Naval War College in 1976, the Air War
College in 1978, the Army War College in 1981. It has
always been central at the U.S. Army's School for
Advanced Military Studies at Leavenworth (founded in
1983). The U.S. Marine Corps's brilliant little
philosophical field manual
FMFM 1: Warfighting (1989) is essentially a
distillation of On War, and the newer Marine
Corps Doctrinal Publications (MCDPs,
c.1997) are equally reflective of Clausewitz's basic
concepts.*1
This is not the first time Clausewitz has been in
fashion. Indeed, On War has been the bible of
many thoughtful soldiers ever since Field Marshal
Helmuth von Moltke attributed to its guidance his
stunning victories in the wars of German unification
(1864, 1866, 1870-71). Nor is it the first time that
individual American soldiers and military
thinkers have been attracted by his ideas: George
Patton, Albert Wedemeyer, and—especially—Dwight
Eisenhower were intensely interested in what he had to
say.
It is, however, the first time that the American
armed forces as institutions have turned to
Clausewitz. While the philosopher had insisted that war
was "simply the expression of politics by other means,"
the traditional attitude of American soldiers had been
that "politics and strategy are radically and
fundamentally things apart. Strategy begins where
politics end. All that soldiers ask is that once the
policy is settled, strategy and command shall be
regarded as being in a sphere apart from politics."*2
The sudden acceptability of Clausewitz in the wake of
Vietnam is not difficult to account for, for among the
major military theorists only Clausewitz seriously
struggled with the sort of dilemma that American
military leaders faced in the aftermath of their defeat.
Clearly, in what had come to be called in scathing terms
a "political war," the political and military components
of the American war effort had come unstuck. It ran
against the grain of America's military men to criticize
elected civilian leaders, but it was just as difficult
to take the blame upon themselves. Clausewitz's analysis
could not have been more relevant:
The more powerful and inspiring the motives for
war,... the more closely will the military aims and
the political objects of war coincide, and the more
military and less political will war appear to be.
On the other hand, the less intense the motives, the
less will the military element's natural tendency to
violence coincide with political directives. As a
result, war will be driven further from its natural
course, the political object will be more and more
at variance with the aim of ideal war, and the
conflict will seem increasingly political in
character.*3
When people talk, as they often do, about
harmful political influence on the management of
war, they are not really saying what they mean.
Their quarrel should be with the policy itself, not
with its influence.
Vom Kriege (IPA: [fɔm
ˈkʁiːgə]) is a book on
war and
military strategy by
Prussian general
Carl von Clausewitz, written mostly after the
Napoleonic wars, between 1816 and 1830, and
published posthumously by his wife in 1832. It has been
translated into
English several times as On War. On
War is actually an unfinished work; Clausewitz had
set about revising his accumulated manuscripts in 1827,
but did not live to finish the task. His wife eventually
compiled all the work and the final two chapters
Clausewitz never finished.
On War is one of the first books on modern
military strategy. This is mainly due to Clausewitz'
integration of politics and social and economic issues
as some of the most important factors in deciding the
outcomes of a war. It is one of the most important
treatises on strategy ever written, and is prescribed at
various
military academies to this day.
Carl von Clausewitz was a
Prussian officer among those baffled by how the
armies of the
French Revolution and
Napoleon had changed the nature of war through their
ability to motivate the populace and thus unleash war on
a greater scale than had previously been the case in
Europe. Clausewitz was well educated and had a strong
interest in art, science, and education, but he was a
professional soldier who spent a considerable part of
his life fighting against Napoleon. There is no doubt
that the insights he gained from his experiences,
combined with a solid grasp of European history,
provided much of the raw material for the book. On
War represents the compilation of his most cogent
observations.
Note: Clausewitz states that Napoleon's tactics were
not revolutionary at all and that Napoleonic Warfare did
not change anything greatly in military history. The
technology of weaponry for the most part remained
static, and new strategies weren't developed, but rather
Napoleon refurbished old ones, mixing them into one
grand strategy.
The book contains a wealth of historical examples
used to illustrate its various concepts.
Frederick II of Prussia (the Great) figures
prominently for having made very efficient use of the
limited forces at his disposal.
Napoleon also is a central figure.
Among many strands of thought, three stand out as
essential to Clausewitz' concept:
War must never be seen as a purpose to itself,
but as a means of physically forcing one's will on
an opponent ("War is not merely a political act, but
also a real political instrument, a continuation of
political commerce, a carrying out of the same by
other means."[1]).
The military objectives in war that support
one's political objectives fall into two broad
types: "war to achieve limited aims" and war to
"disarm” the enemy: “to render [him] politically
helpless or militarily impotent."
The course of war will tend to favor the party
employing more force and resources (a notion
extended by Germany's leaders in World War One into
"total war"—the pursuit of complete military victory
regardless of the political consequences).
Military strategy is a
national defence policy implemented by
military organisations to pursue desired
strategic goals.[1]
Derived from the
Greek
strategos, strategy when it appeared in use
during the 18th century[2],
was seen in its narrow sense as the "art of the
general"[3],
'the art of arrangement' of troops.[4]
Military strategy deals with the planning and conduct of
campaigns, the movement and disposition of forces, and
the
deception of the
enemy. The father of modern strategic study,
Carl von Clausewitz, defined military strategy as
"the employment of battles to gain the end of war."
Liddell Hart's definition put less emphasis on
battles, defining strategy as "the art of distributing
and applying military means to fulfil the ends of
policy" Hence, both gave the pre-eminence to political
aims over military goals, ensuring
civilian control of the military.
"You must not fight too often with one enemy,
or you will teach him all your art of war." –
Napoleon Bonaparte
Military strategy is the plan and execution of
the contest between very large groups of armed
adversaries. It involves each opponent's diplomatic,
informational, military, and economic resources wielded
against the other's resources to gain supremacy or
reduce the opponent's will to fight. It is a principle
tool to secure the
national interest. A contemporary military strategy
is developed via
military science.
[5]
It is as old as
society itself. It is a subdiscipline of
warfare and of
foreign policy. In comparison,
grand strategy is that strategy of the largest of
organizations which are currently the
nation state,
confederation, or international
alliances. Military strategy has its origins before
the
Battle of the Ten Kings and will endure through the
space age. It is larger in perspective than
military tactics which is the disposition and
maneuver of units on a particular sea or battlefield.[6]
Military strategy in the 19th century was still
viewed as one of a trivium of "arts" or "sciences" that
govern the conduct of warfare; the others being
tactics, the execution of plans and manœuvering of
forces in battle, and
logistics, the maintenance of an army. The view had
prevailed since the Roman times, and the borderline
between strategy and tactics at this time was blurred,
and sometimes categorization of a decision is a matter
of almost personal opinion.
Carnot, during the
French Revolutionary Wars thought it simply involved
concentration of troops.[7]
The Battle of Siffin, illustration from a
19th century manuscript by
Muhammad Rafi Bazil.
Strategy and
tactics are closely related and exist on the same
continuum.
