The Jefferson rifle is designed after the original rifle of the Wild West era. Measuring 31-inches, it is constructed with die-cast metal that looks like real antique metal and quality plastic that looks just like real wood. This rifle fires plastic strip caps. Makes a great Theatrical prop! Made in Italy. Features a full orange tip as required by Federal Law.
Price: 39.99
The Old Tex rifle is designed after the original rifle of the Wild West era. Measuring 30.5-inches, it is constructed with die-cast metal that looks like real antique metal and quality plastic that looks just like real wood. This rifle fires 12 shot ring caps. Makes a great Theatrical prop! Made in Italy. Features a full orange tip as required by Federal Law.
Price: 24.99
The Grizzly rifle is designed after the original rifle of the Wild West era. Measuring 29-inches, it is constructed with quality plastic that looks just like real wood. This rifle fires plastic strip caps. Makes a great Theatrical prop! Made in Italy. Features a full orange tip as required by Federal Law.
Price: 19.99
Airzooka is a hand held fun gun that fires a ball of air up to 30 feet. Laugh with amusement as, seemingly from nowhere, you are able to mess up a person's hair, ruffle their shirt, dress, or papers from a desk from a distance, or just plain blow 'em away!. The AirZooka operates by simply by pulling back and then releasing a plastic air launcher! The Airzooka uses no batteries and requires no ammunition - it uses the air around it. Airzookas are completely safe! To operate the Airzooka: 1) Flip up the sight. 2) grip the handle with one hand and the elastic air-launcher with the other. 3) Aim. 4) Extend your arm fully while pulling the air launcher straight back. 5) Let go! The Airzooka releases a ball of air like a catapult straight at your target (whatever that may be). While the Airzooka is capable of blowing off a toupee, blowing paper work off somebody's desk, puffing up the pet's fur, shooting plastic cups, messing up hairdos - we are not recommending these activities! Airzooka shoots a "vortex" of air in a similar manner as the way sling shots operate, but does not require ammo. the plastic membrane whips from a convex cone to a concave one in a small fraction of a second, and that causes a pulse of at least four and a half liters (around 1.2 gallons) of air to shoot out of the Airzooka's opening. The Airzooka comes in green (looks like yellow), black, magenta, orange, and blue. All colors except black are black light sensitive. Have Airzooka duels by getting two or more Airzooka Air Slingshots! For ages 6 and up.
Price: 12.49
Airzooka is a hand held fun gun that fires a ball of air up to 30 feet. Laugh with amusement as, seemingly from nowhere, you are able to mess up a person's hair, ruffle their shirt, dress, or papers from a desk from a distance, or just plain blow 'em away!. The AirZooka operates by simply by pulling back and then releasing a plastic air launcher! The Airzooka uses no batteries and requires no ammunition - it uses the air around it. Airzookas are completely safe! To operate the Airzooka: 1) Flip up the sight. 2) grip the handle with one hand and the elastic air-launcher with the other. 3) Aim. 4) Extend your arm fully while pulling the air launcher straight back. 5) Let go! The Airzooka releases a ball of air like a catapult straight at your target (whatever that may be). While the Airzooka is capable of blowing off a toupee, blowing paper work off somebody's desk, puffing up the pet's fur, shooting plastic cups, messing up hairdos - we are not recommending these activities! Airzooka shoots a "vortex" of air in a similar manner as the way sling shots operate, but does not require ammo. the plastic membrane whips from a convex cone to a concave one in a small fraction of a second, and that causes a pulse of at least four and a half liters (around 1.2 gallons) of air to shoot out of the Airzooka's opening. The Airzooka comes in green (looks like yellow), black, magenta, orange, and blue. All colors except black are black light sensitive. Have Airzooka duels by getting two or more Airzooka Air Slingshots! For ages 6 and up.
Price: 12.49
Airzooka is a hand held fun gun that fires a ball of air up to 30 feet. Laugh with amusement as, seemingly from nowhere, you are able to mess up a person's hair, ruffle their shirt, dress, or papers from a desk from a distance, or just plain blow 'em away!. The AirZooka operates by simply by pulling back and then releasing a plastic air launcher! The Airzooka uses no batteries and requires no ammunition - it uses the air around it. Airzookas are completely safe! To operate the Airzooka: 1) Flip up the sight. 2) grip the handle with one hand and the elastic air-launcher with the other. 3) Aim. 4) Extend your arm fully while pulling the air launcher straight back. 5) Let go! The Airzooka releases a ball of air like a catapult straight at your target (whatever that may be). While the Airzooka is capable of blowing off a toupee, blowing paper work off somebody's desk, puffing up the pet's fur, shooting plastic cups, messing up hairdos - we are not recommending these activities! Airzooka shoots a "vortex" of air in a similar manner as the way sling shots operate, but does not require ammo. the plastic membrane whips from a convex cone to a concave one in a small fraction of a second, and that causes a pulse of at least four and a half liters (around 1.2 gallons) of air to shoot out of the Airzooka's opening. The Airzooka comes in green (looks like yellow), black, magenta, orange, and blue. All colors except black are black light sensitive. Have Airzooka duels by getting two or more Airzooka Air Slingshots! For ages 6 and up.
Price: 12.49
Airzooka is a hand held fun gun that fires a ball of air up to 30 feet. Laugh with amusement as, seemingly from nowhere, you are able to mess up a person's hair, ruffle their shirt, dress, or papers from a desk from a distance, or just plain blow 'em away!. The AirZooka operates by simply by pulling back and then releasing a plastic air launcher! The Airzooka uses no batteries and requires no ammunition - it uses the air around it. Airzookas are completely safe! To operate the Airzooka: 1) Flip up the sight. 2) grip the handle with one hand and the elastic air-launcher with the other. 3) Aim. 4) Extend your arm fully while pulling the air launcher straight back. 5) Let go! The Airzooka releases a ball of air like a catapult straight at your target (whatever that may be). While the Airzooka is capable of blowing off a toupee, blowing paper work off somebody's desk, puffing up the pet's fur, shooting plastic cups, messing up hairdos - we are not recommending these activities! Airzooka shoots a "vortex" of air in a similar manner as the way sling shots operate, but does not require ammo. the plastic membrane whips from a convex cone to a concave one in a small fraction of a second, and that causes a pulse of at least four and a half liters (around 1.2 gallons) of air to shoot out of the Airzooka's opening. The Airzooka comes in green (looks like yellow), black, magenta, orange, and blue. All colors except black are black light sensitive. Have Airzooka duels by getting two or more Airzooka Air Slingshots! For ages 6 and up.
Price: 12.49
MegaZooka features the All-New Trigger Action which allows you to cock your MegaZooka in position while waiting for the air assault to begin. Once you have your target in sight, simply pull on the trigger and watch as a single blast of air travels clear across the room, sometimes even with a time delay. USE IT WITH SEMI-AUTOMATIC PULL POWER ACTION Requiring no batteries or electricity, MegaZooka can operate simply by pulling and releasing the built-in elastic air launcher. And heres the best part: because it shoots air, youll never run out of ammo! MegaZooka features a pop-up site, double handle grips for improved aiming and single shot trigger action or rapid fire. Try your luck at indoor target practice, or take aim at your friends with surprising accuracy!
Price: 24.99
MegaZooka features the All-New Trigger Action which allows you to cock your MegaZooka in position while waiting for the air assault to begin. Once you have your target in sight, simply pull on the trigger and watch as a single blast of air travels clear across the room, sometimes even with a time delay. USE IT WITH SEMI-AUTOMATIC PULL POWER ACTION Requiring no batteries or electricity, MegaZooka can operate simply by pulling and releasing the built-in elastic air launcher. And heres the best part: because it shoots air, youll never run out of ammo! MegaZooka features a pop-up site, double handle grips for improved aiming and single shot trigger action or rapid fire. Try your luck at indoor target practice, or take aim at your friends with surprising accuracy!
Price: 24.99
Learn the art of Native American beading! High quality bead loom comes with over 2,000 beads for creating dozens of beaded projects. The included instruction booklet makes it easy!
Price: 9.99
Make yarn come to life! Have fun learning how to French knit, then use pipe cleaners to make your animals into shape! Set them up to create your very own zoo! This easy to use activity kit includes 2 knitting spools, 1 plastic needle, 175 yards of yarn i
Price: 14.99
Design and paint your very own ceramic beads! A wide assortment of ceramic beads makes it easy to make cool bracelets, necklaces and key chain creations! This kit includes 16 square beads, 10 shaped beads, 2 large heart pendants, glass seed beads, 6 ceram
Price: 12.99
Be the star of your own home-room with a perfectly sized desk to call your own! Chalkboard desktop features a recessed cup for holding supplies. Theres lots of storage space under the seat and in the colorful hanging bag. Durable construction is easily as
Price: 39.99
Color and keep 50 pictures to create your own slide show! As pictures are completed, simply turn the knob at the bottom to advance to the next one. Color Scroller measures 7 inch x 9 inch and includes 6 crayons and 2 fun scrolls!
Price: 9.99
Fun foam Doodle Board floats in your tub or sticks to your shower wall when wet--creating the perfect surface for bath time coloring fun! Comes with six coloring boards that can be colored over and over again with ALEX Bath Crayons--just wash them clean a
Price: 11.99
War is the reciprocal and violent application
of force between hostile political entities aimed at
bringing about a desired political end-state via armed
conflict. In his seminal work,
On War,
Carl Von Clausewitz calls war the "continuation of
political intercourse, carried on with other means."[1]
War is an interaction in which two or more militaries
have a “struggle of wills”.[2]
When qualified as a
civil war, it is a dispute inherent to a given
society, and its nature is in the conflict over modes of
governance rather than
sovereignty. War is not considered to be the same as
mere
occupation,
murder or
genocide because of the reciprocal nature of the
violent struggle, and the
organized nature of the units involved.
War is also a cultural entity, and its practice is
not linked to any single type of political organisation
or society. Rather, as discussed by
John Keegan in his “History Of Warfare”, war is a
universal phenomenon whose form and scope is defined by
the society that wages it.
[3]
The conduct of war extends along a continuum, from the
almost universal
tribal warfare that began well before recorded human
history, to wars between
city states,
nations, or
empires. A group of combatants and their support is
called an
army on land, a
navy at sea, and
air force in the air. Wars may be prosecuted
simultaneously in one or more different
theatres. Within each theatre, there may be one or
more consecutive
military campaigns. A military campaign includes not
only fighting but also intelligence, troop movements,
supplies,
propaganda, and other components. Continuous
conflict is traditionally called a
battle, although this terminology is not always fed
to conflicts involving aircraft, missiles or bombs
alone, in the absence of ground troops or naval forces.
War is not limited to the
human species, as
ants engage in massive intra-species conflicts which
might be termed warfare. It is theorized that other
species also engage in similar behavior, although this
is not well documented.
[4][5][6]
Some believe war has always been with us; others
stress the lack of clear evidence that war is not in our
prehistoric past, and the fact that many peaceful,
non-military societies have and still do exist.
Originally, war likely consisted of small-scale raiding.
Since the rise of the state some 5000 years ago,
military activity has occurred over much of the globe.
The advent of gunpowder and the acceleration of
technological advances led to modern warfare.
Since the close of the
Vietnam War, the ideas expounded by the Prussian
military theorist Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831) have
come to thoroughly permeate American military writing,
doctrinal, theoretical, and historical. His book
On War, first published (as
Vom Kriege) in 1832, was adopted as a key
text at the Naval War College in 1976, the Air War
College in 1978, the Army War College in 1981. It has
always been central at the U.S. Army's School for
Advanced Military Studies at Leavenworth (founded in
1983). The U.S. Marine Corps's brilliant little
philosophical field manual
FMFM 1: Warfighting (1989) is essentially a
distillation of On War, and the newer Marine
Corps Doctrinal Publications (MCDPs,
c.1997) are equally reflective of Clausewitz's basic
concepts.*1
This is not the first time Clausewitz has been in
fashion. Indeed, On War has been the bible of
many thoughtful soldiers ever since Field Marshal
Helmuth von Moltke attributed to its guidance his
stunning victories in the wars of German unification
(1864, 1866, 1870-71). Nor is it the first time that
individual American soldiers and military
thinkers have been attracted by his ideas: George
Patton, Albert Wedemeyer, and—especially—Dwight
Eisenhower were intensely interested in what he had to
say.
It is, however, the first time that the American
armed forces as institutions have turned to
Clausewitz. While the philosopher had insisted that war
was "simply the expression of politics by other means,"
the traditional attitude of American soldiers had been
that "politics and strategy are radically and
fundamentally things apart. Strategy begins where
politics end. All that soldiers ask is that once the
policy is settled, strategy and command shall be
regarded as being in a sphere apart from politics."*2
The sudden acceptability of Clausewitz in the wake of
Vietnam is not difficult to account for, for among the
major military theorists only Clausewitz seriously
struggled with the sort of dilemma that American
military leaders faced in the aftermath of their defeat.
Clearly, in what had come to be called in scathing terms
a "political war," the political and military components
of the American war effort had come unstuck. It ran
against the grain of America's military men to criticize
elected civilian leaders, but it was just as difficult
to take the blame upon themselves. Clausewitz's analysis
could not have been more relevant:
The more powerful and inspiring the motives for
war,... the more closely will the military aims and
the political objects of war coincide, and the more
military and less political will war appear to be.
On the other hand, the less intense the motives, the
less will the military element's natural tendency to
violence coincide with political directives. As a
result, war will be driven further from its natural
course, the political object will be more and more
at variance with the aim of ideal war, and the
conflict will seem increasingly political in
character.*3
When people talk, as they often do, about
harmful political influence on the management of
war, they are not really saying what they mean.
Their quarrel should be with the policy itself, not
with its influence.
Vom Kriege (IPA: [fɔm
ˈkʁiːgə]) is a book on
war and
military strategy by
Prussian general
Carl von Clausewitz, written mostly after the
Napoleonic wars, between 1816 and 1830, and
published posthumously by his wife in 1832. It has been
translated into
English several times as On War. On
War is actually an unfinished work; Clausewitz had
set about revising his accumulated manuscripts in 1827,
but did not live to finish the task. His wife eventually
compiled all the work and the final two chapters
Clausewitz never finished.
On War is one of the first books on modern
military strategy. This is mainly due to Clausewitz'
integration of politics and social and economic issues
as some of the most important factors in deciding the
outcomes of a war. It is one of the most important
treatises on strategy ever written, and is prescribed at
various
military academies to this day.
Carl von Clausewitz was a
Prussian officer among those baffled by how the
armies of the
French Revolution and
Napoleon had changed the nature of war through their
ability to motivate the populace and thus unleash war on
a greater scale than had previously been the case in
Europe. Clausewitz was well educated and had a strong
interest in art, science, and education, but he was a
professional soldier who spent a considerable part of
his life fighting against Napoleon. There is no doubt
that the insights he gained from his experiences,
combined with a solid grasp of European history,
provided much of the raw material for the book. On
War represents the compilation of his most cogent
observations.
Note: Clausewitz states that Napoleon's tactics were
not revolutionary at all and that Napoleonic Warfare did
not change anything greatly in military history. The
technology of weaponry for the most part remained
static, and new strategies weren't developed, but rather
Napoleon refurbished old ones, mixing them into one
grand strategy.
The book contains a wealth of historical examples
used to illustrate its various concepts.
Frederick II of Prussia (the Great) figures
prominently for having made very efficient use of the
limited forces at his disposal.
Napoleon also is a central figure.
Among many strands of thought, three stand out as
essential to Clausewitz' concept:
War must never be seen as a purpose to itself,
but as a means of physically forcing one's will on
an opponent ("War is not merely a political act, but
also a real political instrument, a continuation of
political commerce, a carrying out of the same by
other means."[1]).
The military objectives in war that support
one's political objectives fall into two broad
types: "war to achieve limited aims" and war to
"disarm” the enemy: “to render [him] politically
helpless or militarily impotent."
The course of war will tend to favor the party
employing more force and resources (a notion
extended by Germany's leaders in World War One into
"total war"—the pursuit of complete military victory
regardless of the political consequences).
Military strategy is a
national defence policy implemented by
military organisations to pursue desired
strategic goals.[1]
Derived from the
Greek
strategos, strategy when it appeared in use
during the 18th century[2],
was seen in its narrow sense as the "art of the
general"[3],
'the art of arrangement' of troops.[4]
Military strategy deals with the planning and conduct of
campaigns, the movement and disposition of forces, and
the
deception of the
enemy. The father of modern strategic study,
Carl von Clausewitz, defined military strategy as
"the employment of battles to gain the end of war."
Liddell Hart's definition put less emphasis on
battles, defining strategy as "the art of distributing
and applying military means to fulfil the ends of
policy" Hence, both gave the pre-eminence to political
aims over military goals, ensuring
civilian control of the military.
"You must not fight too often with one enemy,
or you will teach him all your art of war." –
Napoleon Bonaparte
Military strategy is the plan and execution of
the contest between very large groups of armed
adversaries. It involves each opponent's diplomatic,
informational, military, and economic resources wielded
against the other's resources to gain supremacy or
reduce the opponent's will to fight. It is a principle
tool to secure the
national interest. A contemporary military strategy
is developed via
military science.
[5]
It is as old as
society itself. It is a subdiscipline of
warfare and of
foreign policy. In comparison,
grand strategy is that strategy of the largest of
organizations which are currently the
nation state,
confederation, or international
alliances. Military strategy has its origins before
the
Battle of the Ten Kings and will endure through the
space age. It is larger in perspective than
military tactics which is the disposition and
maneuver of units on a particular sea or battlefield.[6]
Military strategy in the 19th century was still
viewed as one of a trivium of "arts" or "sciences" that
govern the conduct of warfare; the others being
tactics, the execution of plans and manœuvering of
forces in battle, and
logistics, the maintenance of an army. The view had
prevailed since the Roman times, and the borderline
between strategy and tactics at this time was blurred,
and sometimes categorization of a decision is a matter
of almost personal opinion.
Carnot, during the
French Revolutionary Wars thought it simply involved
concentration of troops.[7]
The Battle of Siffin, illustration from a
19th century manuscript by
Muhammad Rafi Bazil.
Strategy and
tactics are closely related and exist on the same
continuum.
